Elizabeth Sauer

Professor

Office: GLB 236
905 688 5550  x3887
esauer@brocku.ca

My research concentrates on the intersecting fields of early modern literature and history; Milton studies; the history of imperialisms; women’s literary history; the history of the book and textual communities; the literary history of toleration; the literary history of nationhood; early theories of worlding; and early modern transatlantic studies. I welcome supervising student research in any of these areas but especially Milton studies.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, Academy A1
(Brock News)

Honored Scholar of the Milton Society of America
(Department News; Brock News)

President, Canadian Society for Renaissance Studies / Société canadienne d’études de la Renaissance (2023 – present)
(Department News)

Killam Research Laureate, Canada Council for the Arts
(Government of Canada)

Past President, Milton Society of America
(Brock News; Milton Quarterly)

Vice President, Canadian Society for Renaissance Studies / Société canadienne d’études de la Renaissance

Publications of the Modern Language Association (PMLA) Editorial Board Advisory Committee (2015-18)

Chancellor’s Chair for Research Excellence, Brock University

Supervisor of Brock’s First Banting Postdoctoral Fellow, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
(Brock News)

Multi-year Social Sciences and Humanities Research Canada Council grants (Postdoc., Standard Research Grants; Insight Grants): 1991-93;  1992-95;  1995-98/99;  2000-03;  2003-06/07;  2008-12;  2013-18/19;  2022-27


-2023              “ Conscience and Nation in Milton 1640-1660.” Words at War. Ed. Andrew Hadfield and Paul Hammond. Proceedings of the British Academy, Oxford University Press; commissioned and in-progress

-2023              “Negotiating Nonconformity in the Restoration Era: Arts and Counterarguments.” The Oxford Handbook of Restoration Literature. Ed. Matthew C. Augustine and Steven N. Zwicker. Oxford: Oxford University Press; commissioned and in-progress.

A monograph on Reorienting English National Consciousness: Renaissance to Late Restoration” funded by an Insight Grant, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Canada Council. Reorienting probes the conceptions of English national consciousness in the crucible of New World encounters — ideological and experiential. The richly rewarding subject of English nationalism offers an important extension of research on British, Irish, and American identity formation exercises in analyses of literary creations about and by writers on the frontier. By historicizing and reframing the resonant notions of nation formation, this book will contribute substantially to English literary history, critical practice, cultural history, the history of the book, nationalism studies, and transoceanic studies in its various iterations in the 1600s through to the 1700s.

2022 pbk         “Paper-contestations” and Textual Communities in England, 1640-1675
(London, Toronto, Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, “Studies in Book and Print Culture,” 2005). ASPP awarded. 201 pp.  Reviews: Seventeenth Century News (2007); Sixteenth Century Journal (2007); Studies in English Literature (2007); TLS (2006)

2022
                Worldmaking and Other Worlds: Restoration to Romantic. Ed. Elizabeth Sauer and Betty Joseph, vol. 27, 1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era. Lewisburg, PN: Bucknell University Press; Rutgers University Press, 2022, 316 pp.

2019                Emergent Nation: Early Modern British Literature in Transition, 1660-1714. Ed. E. Sauer. Vol. 3 of Early Modern British Literature in Transition, gen. ed. Stephen B. Dobranski, 3 vols. Cambridge University Press. 402 pp. “National Transitions, Literary Transitions” by E. Sauer, 1-17. “National Transitions, Literary Transitions” by E. Sauer, 1-17. Reviews: MQ (2021): “signal achievement in current early modern scholarship”; Sun News Austin (Dec. 2021): “a milestone publishing event”; RES (Oxford, 2020): “Impressive; vibrantly heterogeneous”; Modern Philology (2021): “very welcome, very accomplished, and surely important volume”; Hbk 978-1-108-436861

2018                 Women’s Bookscapes in Early Modern Britain: Ownership, Circulation, Reading. Ed. Leah Knight, Micheline White, E. Sauer. Afterword by Margaret Ezell. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 304 pp. Rev. Library and Information History 36.1(2020): 55-6 “a valued and cited source in the field”; SEL 60.1 (2020): 183 “best recent collection on material print culture”; Restoration: Studies in English Literary Culture, 1660-1700 44 (2020): “enriches all aspects of book history;” “highly recommended.”

2018             A Literatura Inglesa na Indade Moderna. Ed. Luiz Fernando Ferreira Sá and Elizabeth Sauer. Aletria: Revista de Estudos de Literatura 28.3 (Jul.-Sept. 2018). Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. 198 pp  http://www.periodicos.letras.ufmg.br/index.php/aletria/issue/view/631

2017                 Milton in the Americas. Ed. E. Sauer and Angelica Duran. Milton Studies. Vol 58. University Park, PA: Penn State UP / Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press. 260 pp. “Milton’s Pan-American Life and Afterlife” by E. Sauer and Angelica Duran, vii-xvii. Review: “volume filled with insightful essays” The Year’s Work in English Studies 98 (2019).

2016 pbk.         Milton, Toleration, and Nationhood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 223 pp. ISBN 9781107615199

2014 hbk.         Milton, Toleration, and Nationhood. Cambridge UP. Review of English Studies (Oxford, 2014): “valuable, penetrating, enhances the field; succeeds with aplomb”; Choice (2014): “significant contribution to Milton studies”; TLS (Dec. 2014): “outlines excellent arguments … subtle and thorough investigation”; The Seventeenth Century 33.4 (2018).

2012                 The New Milton Criticism. Ed. Peter C. Herman and E. Sauer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Paperback and Hbk. 253 pp. Reviews: Choice 50, 4 (2012), 667; The Seventeenth Century (2013), 83-4 “redefine[s] the landscape of Milton studies”; Appositions: Studies in Renaissance / Early Modern Literature and Culture (2013); Renaissance Quarterly 66, 2 (2013), 768-69; Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies (2014), 177-181: “essential.”

2010                 Reading the Nation in English Literature: A Critical Reader. Ed. E. Sauer and Julia M. Wright. London and New York: Routledge. 256 pp. Sauer & Wright, “Writing and Reading the Nation,” 1-20. Review: Nations and Nationalism (2010): “eclectic and insightful.”

2007                 Milton and Toleration. Ed. Sharon Achinstein and Elizabeth Sauer. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 320 pp. Oxford Scholarship Online
Winner of Milton Society of America Irene Samuel Memorial Award
Reviews: Renaissance Quarterly (2008); Review of English Studies (2008): “one of the best collective historicist studies on Milton undertaken in recent years… it sets the standard to which all scholarly essay collections should aspire”; Milton Quarterly (2009); Times Literary Supplement (2008): “an excellent and often demanding collection”; Modern Intellectual History (2008); Journal of British Studies (2009); Journal of Ecclesiastical History (2009); Early Modern English Studies (2009); Year’s Work in English Studies (2009); Studies in English Literature (2009); MP (2010).

2006                 Emperyalizmin Yedi Rengi. Ed. Balachandra Rajan and E. Sauer. Tercüme Eda Ozgül Istanbul: KureYayinlari. 332 pp. Turkish translated edition of Imperialisms: Historical and Literary Investigations 1500-1900 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).

2006                 Milton and the Climates of Reading: Essays by Balachandra Rajan. Ed. Elizabeth Sauer. Afterword by Joseph Wittreich. London, Toronto, Buffalo: University of Toronto Press. 192 pp. Reviews: Choice (2006); Canadian Literature: A Quarterly of Criticism and Review (2007); Seventeenth-Century News (2007); SEL (2008); University of Toronto Quarterly (2008); Modern Philology (2010). A CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title of the Year

 2005                 “Paper-contestations” and Textual Communities in England, 1640-1675
London, Toronto, Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, “Studies in Book and Print Culture.”ASPP awarded. 201 pp.  Reviews: Seventeenth Century News (2007); Sixteenth Century Journal (2007); Studies in English Literature (2007); TLS (2006)

2004                 Imperialisms: Historical and Literary Investigations 1500-1900. Ed. Balachandra Rajan and Elizabeth Sauer. Afterword by Anthony Pagden. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 294 pp. Hardcover 2004; Paperback 2004.

2004                 Reading Early Modern Women: An Anthology of Texts in Manuscript and Print, 1550-1700. Ed. Helen Ostovich and Elizabeth Sauer. London and New York: Routledge. 520 pp. Hbk & Pbk. Ostovich and Sauer, “Rereading Women’s Literary History.” 1-14. Reviews: Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 (2006); English Studies (2006); Cambridge Quarterly (2005); European Journal of English Studies (2005); Women Writers Archives (2006); Year’s Work in English Studies (2006). Winner of SSEMW Award for Best Collaborative Work

2003 (date of issue) Literature and Religion in Early Modern England: Case Studies. Ed. Elizabeth Sauer and Jennifer Andersen. Co-authored Introduction, 3-8. Renaissance and Reformation New Series, 25, 4; Old Series, 37, 4 (2001). 173 pp.

2002                 Books and Readers in Early Modern England: Material Studies. 2012 ebook Ed. Jennifer Andersen and Elizabeth Sauer; Afterword by Stephen Orgel. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. 305 pp. Hbk & pbk. Andersen and Sauer, “Current Trends in the History of Reading,” 1-20. Reviews: Printing Historical Society Journal, n.s. 11 (Spr. 2008); Seventeenth-Century News 62:1 / 2 (2004), 14-18; Albion 35.2 (2003); Comitatus 34 (2003): 210-12; Early Modern Literary Studies 8.3 (January, 2003): 9.1-6 (http://www.shu.ac.uk/emls/08-3/scottrev.htm); History: Reviews of New Books, 31.1 (2002): 154; Libraries and Culture 38.2 (2003): 191-92; Year’s Work in English Studies 82.1 (2003) and 84.1 (2005)

1999                 Milton and the Imperial Vision. Ed. Balachandra Rajan and Elizabeth Sauer. Co-authored “Introduction,” 1-22. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press. 376 pages. * Winner of 2000 Milton Society of America Irene Samuel Memorial Award
Contributors: Sharon Achinstein, Homi K. Bhabha, Robert Thomas Fallon, Linda Gregerson, Willy Maley, Robert Markley, Diane Kelsey McColley, Bruce McLeod, Janel Mueller, Balachandra Rajan, Paul Stevens, Gauri Viswanathan, Julia M. Wright, Nicholas von Maltzahn. Reviews: Choice, Studies in English Literature, Seventeenth-Century News, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Modern Philology, Year’s Work in English Studies, etc.

1997                 Agonistics: Arenas of Creative Contest. Ed. Janet Lungstrum and Elizabeth Sauer. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. 359 pp. (cloth and paper) Contributors include: Sander L. Gilman, John A. McCarthy, Benjamin C. Sax, Arkady Plotnitsky. Reviews: Monatshefte 93, 2 (2001); The International Fiction Review 30, 1-2 (2003).

1996                 Barbarous Dissonance and Images of Voice in Milton’s Epics. Montreal, London, Buffalo: McGill-Queen’s University Press. 213 pp. 2009 e-book. Reviews: Choice (1997), Renaissance and Reformation (1997), The Canadian Book Review Annual (1997), University of Toronto Quarterly (1997/8): utpjournals.com/product/utq/671/voice61.html, Studies in English Literature (1998), English Studies in Canada (1998), Seventeenth-Century News (1998), The Review of English Studies (1999), Modern Philology (1999), Journal of English and Germanic Philology (1999)

2022                 “Worlding and Deworlding Reimagined: A New Introduction,” with Betty Joseph. 1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era 27 (2022): 5-17.

2021                 “Transatlantic Lifelines.” “Nationalism Early Modern Literature,” ed. Christopher Ivic. Humanities, 2021, 10(4), 122 (pp. 1-13) https://doi.org/10.3390/h10040122

2021                 “‘Studied for Action’: Milton’s Bookscape and Communes Loci.” Locating Milton:  Places and Perspectives. Ed. Thomas Festa and David Ainsworth. Clemson, SC: Clemson University Press; Liverpool UP. 37-57, 214-21.

2021                 “‘Generous Arts and Affaires’: Milton on Labor.” Milton Studies 63.1 (2021): 77-93.

2021                 “Making Milton Matter.” Afterword to Making Milton: Print, Authorship, Afterlives. Ed. Emma Depledge, John Garrison, and Marissa Nicosia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 216-20.

2021                 E. Sauer, ed. “And Must the Sword this Controverse Decide,” by Hester Pulter (Poem 64, Amplified Edition), The Pulter Project: Poet in the Making, ed. Leah Knight and Wendy Wall (Northwestern University Press, 2018 – ) http://pulterproject.northwestern.edu/poems/ae/and-must-the-sword-this-controverse-decide/

2020                 “The Multimedia Age of Melancholy.” Sixteenth Century Journal: The Journal of Early Modern Studies 51, no. S1 (2020): 213-19 www.escj.org/blog/multimedia-age-melancholy.html

2019                 “Anthologizing Practices, Women’s Literary History, and the Case of Isabella Whitney.” New Ways of Looking at Old Texts, VI: Papers of the Renaissance English Text Society, 2011-2016. Ed. Arthur F. Marotti. Tempe, Arizona: Renaissance English Text Society. 103-16.

 2019                 “New Worlds and Holy Experiments in the Literature of Milton, Bunyan, and Penn.” The Worlds of William Penn. Ed. Andrew R. Murphy and John Smolenski. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 155-70.

2022/2019         “The Dissidence of Dissent in Late Seventeenth-Century English Literature.” Emergent Nation (Cambridge UP) Paperback 978-1-108-42268-0;

2018                 “John Milton’s New World Contours / Os contornos do Novo Mundo de John Milton.” Aletria: Revista de Estudos de Literatura 28.3 (2018): 47-61.
– rev. version of “Milton and the ‘savage deserts of America.’” Milton Studies 58 (2017).

2018                 “Book Passages and the Reconstruction of the Bradstreets’ New England Library.” Women’s Bookscapes in Early Modern Britain. Ed. Leah Knight, Micheline White, E. Sauer. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2018. 59-76.

2018                 “Milton Society of America Platinum Jubilee at the 2018 Modern Language Association Convention.” Milton Quarterly 52, 1 (2018): 71-79.

2017                 “Milton and the ‘savage deserts of America.’” Milton Studies 58 (2017): 3-26.

2017                 “Milton and the Protestant Pope.” Milton and Catholicism. Ed. Thomas N. Corns and Ronald Corthell. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. 17-37.

2015                 “Cook [or Cooke], Ebenezer.” The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of the American Enlightenment. 2 vols. Ed. Mark G. Spencer. New York and London, 1:289-90. Oxford UP: Online Reference Library

2014                 “Riot and Rebellion.” Ashgate Companion to Popular Culture in Early Modern England. Ed. Matthew Dimmock, Andrew Hadfield, Abigail Shinn. Farnham, UK; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. 267-81.

2014                 “Bradstreet, the English Civil War, and the Transatlantic Book Trade,” Canadian Society for Renaissance Studies; Winner of CSRS Montaigne Prize

2014                 “Milton and Caroline Church Government.” Yearbook of English Studies 44 (2014): 196-214.

2013                 “Pious Fraud: Extralegal Heroism in Samson Agonistes.” SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 51, 1 (2013): 179-96.

2012                 “Paradigms Lost, Paradigms Found: The New Milton Criticism” (with Peter Herman). The New Milton Criticism. Ed. P. Herman and E. Sauer. Cambridge University Press. 1-22.

2012                 “Discontents with the Drama of Regeneration.” The New Milton Criticism. Ed. Peter C. Herman and Elizabeth Sauer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 120-36.

2012                “Milton’s Defences and the Principle of ‘sanior pars’.” The Oxford Handbook of Literature and the English Revolution. Ed. Laura Lunger Knoppers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 146-61.

 2012                 “Narrators.” Approaches to Teaching “Paradise Lost”: Second Edition. Ed. Peter C. Herman. Series: “Approaches to Teaching World Literature.” New York: Modern Language Association, 105-111.

2012                Long Entries: “Catholicism” 54-5; “Election” 105-6; “England” 109-10; “Israel” 186-7; “Spain,” 345-46. Short Entries: “Agreement of the People” 7; “Babel” 24; “Babylon” 24; “Closet Drama” 66-7; “Israel” 186-7; “Jews” 192-3; “Mary, mother of Jesus” 233; “John Lilburne” 219-20; “Margaret Fox” 120; “Monopolies” 246; “Nebuchadnezzar” 253; “Nimrod” 256; “Piedmont” 283; “Sin” 337-38; “Sonnet XVIII” 343; “Tolerationism” 364; “Waldensians” 381 (articles) in The Milton Encyclopedia, ed. Thomas N. Corns (New Haven: Yale University Press).

2012                “Radical Company: Milton, the Nostalgia of (Post-)War Criticism, and the Case of A.S.P. Woodhouse’s Puritanism and Liberty.” Milton, Historicism, and Questions of Tradition: Essays by Canadians. Ed. Feisal G. Mohamed and Mary Nyquist. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 192-214. Volume awarded Irene Samuel Memorial Award.

2010; 2015 pbk “Reading Practices.” Milton in Context. Ed. Stephen B. Dobranski. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 449-59. Volume awarded Irene Samuel Memorial Award.

2010                 “Writing and Reading the Nation” (with Julia Wright). Reading the Nation in English Literature. Ed. E. Sauer and Julia M. Wright. London and New York: Routledge. 1-20.

2010                 “The Peculiar Status of Early Modern England.” Reading the Nation in English Literature: A Critical Reader. Ed. E. Sauer and Julia Wright. London and New York: Routledge. 144-54.

2009; 2011 pbk “Disestablishment, Toleration, and the New Testament Nation: Milton’s Late Religious Tracts.” The Oxford Handbook of Milton. Ed. Nigel Smith and Nicholas McDowell. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 325-41. Volume awarded Irene Samuel Memorial Award.

2009                 “The Postcolonial Reader.” South Asian Review 30, 2 (2009): 20-31.

2009                 “The Educated Imagination and the Extended Intelligence.” Milton Quarterly (Oxford: Blackwell) 43, 3 (2009): 230-35.

2008                 “Las Casas and Early Modern Spanish and English Colonialist Discourses.” Approaches to Teaching the Writings of Bartolome de las Casas. Ed. Santa Arias and Eyda M. Merediz. New York: Modern Language Association. 210-17.

2008                 “Milton’s ‘Peculiar’ Nation.” Milton and the Jews. Ed. Douglas A. Brooks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 35-56. See Restoration: Studies in English Literary Culture, 1660-1700 33.2 (2009): 62.

2008                 “Toleration and Translation: The Case of Las Casas, Phillips, and Milton.”(date of issue)   Philological Quarterly 85 (2006): 271-91.

2007                 “Radical Politics and Milton’s Civil War Verse: Licence and Libertie.” Approaches to Teaching Milton’s Shorter Poetry and Prose. Ed. Peter C. Herman. Series: “Approaches to Teaching World Literature.” New York: Modern Language Association. 97-102.

2007                 “Introduction to Milton and Toleration” (with Sharon Achinstein). Milton and Toleration. Ed. Sharon Achinstein & E. Sauer. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1-19.

2007                 “Toleration and Nationhood in the 1650s: ‘Sonnet XV’ and the Case of Ireland” (revised version of “Tolerationism and the Irish Crisis,” Milton Studies 44, 2005). Milton and Toleration. Ed. Sharon Achinstein & E. Sauer. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 203-223. Volume awarded Irene Samuel Memorial Award.

2007                 “Theatres of Empire in Milton’s Epics.” Remapping the Mediterranean World in Early Modern English Writings. Ed. Goran Stanivukovic. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 191-205.

2006                “Milton’s Of True Religion, Protestant Nationhood, and the Negotiation of Liberty.” Lead article, Milton Quarterly (Oxford: Blackwell) 40.1 (2006): 1-19. Winner of 2007 Milton Society of America James Holly Hanford Award for most distinguished essay

2006                 “The Art of Criticism.” Milton and the Climates of Reading. Ed. Elizabeth Sauer. London, Toronto, Buffalo: University of Toronto Press. 3-16.

2006                 “Closet Drama and the Case of Tyrannicall-Government Anatomized.”The Book of the Play: Playwrights, Stationers, and Readers in Early Modern England.Ed. Marta Straznicky. Amherst & Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 80-95.

2005                 “Tolerationism, the Irish Crisis, and Milton’s ‘On the Late Massacre in Piemont.'” Milton Studies 44 (2005): 40-61.

2004 / 2006       “Imperialisms: Early Modern to Premodernist” (with Balachandra Rajan). Imperialisms: Historical and Literary Investigations 1500-1900. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 3-11.

2004/2010 pbk  “The Experience of Defeat: Milton and Some Female Contemporaries.” Milton and Gender. Ed. Catherine Gimelli Martin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 133-52.

2003                 “Emasculating Romance: Historical Fiction in the Protectorate.” Prose Fiction and Early Modern Sexualities in England, 1570-1640. Ed. Constance C. Relihan and Goran V. Stanivukovic. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 195-213.

2003                 “Noli me tangere: Colonial Imperatives and Enclosure Acts” (with Lisa Smith). Sensible Flesh: On Touch in Early Modern Culture. Ed. Elizabeth D. Harvey. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 241-58, 280-84.

2003                 “The Neo-Christian Bias and Its Discontents.”(date of issue) Religion and Literature in Early Modern England: Case Studies.Renaissance and Reformation New Series, 25, 4; Old Series, 37, 4 (2001): 157-70.

2002                 “Milton and Dryden on the Restoration Stage.” Fault Lines and Controversies in the Study of Seventeenth-Century English Literature. Ed. Claude J. Summers and Ted-Larry Pebworth. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. 88-110.

2001                 “Engendering Metamorphoses: Milton and the Ovidian Corpus.” Ovid and the Renaissance Body. Ed. Goran Stanivukovic. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 207-223.

2000                 “Milton and the ‘Stage-work’ of Charles I.” Prose Studies: History, Theory, Criticism, UK 23, 1 (2000): 121-46.

1999                 “Religious Toleration and Imperial Intolerance.” Milton and the Imperial Vision. Ed. with Balachandra Rajan. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press. 214-30, 347-52.

1998; 2009 pbk “The Politics of Performance in the Inner Theatre: Samson Agonistes as Closet Drama.” Milton and Heresy. Ed. Stephen B. Dobranksi and John P. Rumrich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 199-215.

1998                 “Maternity, Prophecy, and the Cultivation of the Private Sphere in Seventeenth-Century England.” Explorations in Renaissance Culture 24 (1998): 119-48.

1997                 “Creative Agonistics” with Janet Lungstrum.  Agonistics: Arenas of Creative Contest.  Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1-32.

1997                 “The Partial Song of Satanic Anti-Creation: Milton’s Discourses of the Divided Self,” Agonistics: Arenas of Creative Contest. Albany, NY: State Univ. of New York Press, 226-39.

1996                 “‘Monstrous altercations and barking questions’: The Prodigious Births of Scylla, Mris. Rump, and Milton’s Sin.” The Ben Jonson Journal: Literary Contexts in the Age of Elizabeth, James and Charles 2, 1 (1996): 171-98.

1993                 “The Fall of Nebuchadnezzar.” Renaissance and Reformation 17, 3 (1993): 43-72.

1993                 “‘Barbarous Dissonance’ and Multivocality in Paradise Lost.”English Studies in Canada, 19, 3 (1993): 263-289.