NOTE: To access and download copies of the lecture PowerPoint slides click on PDF following each topic. All other links will take you to the course content material.

INTRODUCTION (PDF)

• Objectives
• Petrography, Petrology, Petrogenesis

Igneous Rocks

IGNEOUS ROCKS 1 (PDF)

• Definition
• Generalities

IGNEOUS ROCKS 2 (PDF)

• Nomenclature and Classification
• Silica Gradation/Colour Gradation/Saturation Concept
• Chemistry
• Modal Analysis
• Normative Analysis
• Variation Diagrams

IGNEOUS ROCKS 3 (PDF)

Fractionation

• Liquid Immiscibility
• Hybridization and Assimilation
• Fractional Crystallization

Phase Chemistry and Phase Diagrams

PHASE DIAGRAMS – INTRODUCTION (PDF)

• Introduction
• Unary Systems
• Phase Rule

Binary Diagrams

BINARY DIAGRAMS – INTRODUCTION (PDF)

• Introduction
• Definitions
• Getting Started
• Phase Rule
• Lever Rule
• Crystallization in Binary Systems

Binary System #1 – Simple system (Di-An)

An – Di BINARY SYSTEM (PDF)

• Equilibrium Crystallization
• Fractional Crystallization
• Melting

Binary System # 2 – Congruently Melting Intermediate Compound

Binary System # 3 – No Solid Solution, Incongruently Melting Compound (Fo-Qtz)

Fo – Si BINARY SYSTEM (PDF)

• Equilibrium Melting
• Equilibrium Crystallization
• Fractional Crystallization

Binary System # 4 – Solid Solution (Ab-An)

Ab – An BINARY SYSTEM (PDF)

• Equilibrium Crystallization
• Fractional Crystallization

Binary System #5 – Ab-Or

Ab – Or BINARY SYSTEM (PDF)

Ternary Diagrams

TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS I (PDF)

• Introduction
• Phase Rule
• Compositions

TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS II (PDF)

• Hypothetical Ternary Systems
• Rules
• Directions of Falling Temperature

ISOTHERMAL SECTIONS (PDF)

• Isothermal Sections

Ternary System #1 – Simple Ternary System (An-Wo-Sp)

An-Wo-Sp TERNARY SYSTEM (PDF)

• Equilibrium Crystallization
• Fractional Crystallization

Ternary System #2 – Incongruent Melting (Fo-Si-An)

Fo-Si-An TERNARY SYSTEM (PDF)

• Equilibrium Crystallization 1
• Equilibrium Crystallization 2
• Fractional Crystallization

Ternary System # 3 – Solid Solution (Di-Ab-An)

Di-Ab-An TERNARY SYSTEM (PDF)

• Composition, Proportions, Tie Lines
• Equilibrium Crystallization 1
• Equilibrium Crystallization 2
• Fractional Crystallization

Complex Ternary System

Lime-Silica-Corundum TERNARY SYSTEM (PDF)

Metamorphism

METAMORPHIC ROCKS 1 (PDF)

• Introduction
• Temperature limits
• Terms

METAMORPHIC ROCKS 2 (PDF)

• Metamorphic Facies
• Types of Metamorphism

METAMORPHIC ROCKS 3 (PDF)

• Compositional Groups
• Barrovian Metamorphism

• • Introduction
  • Barrow’s Zones
  • Interpretation

Assignments

1. Binary Diagrams – simple and complex
2. Ternary Diagrams – simple
3. Ternary Diagrams – complex

Part I – Lab Outline

In the lab portion of this course the following will be covered.

1. Mineral Identification

Presently you have the ability to identify 8-10 major minerals or groups of minerals

• plagioclase feldspars
• olivine
• alkali feldspars
• pyroxene
• quartz
• amphiboles
• nepheline
• micas

You will be learning to identify additional minerals throughout the length of this course, e.g., staurolite, epidote, actinolite, chlorite, sericite, kyanite, sillimanite, andulasite, serpentine, etc.

2. Plagioclase Compositions

Determination of plagioclase compositions by recognizing specific orientations of plagioclase under the microscope. In all 5 different methods, based on orientation will be covered.

The remaining labs focus on the identification of minerals present and description of textures and structures within rocks to provide as much information as possible on the history of the rock being considered.

3. Igneous Lithologies

Look at textures, structures and mineralogical associations in five broad groupings of igneous rocks.

4. Metamorphic Lithologies

Introduction to metamorphic minerals and their textures as represented by two lithologic groupings.

The lab component of this course accounts for 45% of the final grade, 30% for the labs and 15% for the lab exam. The latter will involve the identification of minerals in a spotting quiz and the complete description of a rock using both hand sample and thin section.

Part II – Lab Schedule

Week #        Lab Topic

• 1           Plagioclase Feldspars – compositions and orientations
• 2           Plagioclase Feldspars – compositions continued
• 3           Igneous Rocks – textures and mineralogical associations
• 4           Petrology Report – Igneous Rocks
• 5           Mafic Lithologies
• 6           Intermediate Lithologies
• 7           Felsic Lithologies
• 8           Ultramafic and Feldspathoidal lithologies
• 9           Metamorphic Rocks – mineralogy, textures and structures
• 10         Pelitic Lithologies
• 11         Amphibolites
• 12         Lab Exam (Open Book)

Lab Regulations

1. All labs are to be handed to the Instructor at the end of the Wednesday lecture immediately following the lab period.
2. Late labs will be subject to a penalty of 20% per day.
3. Late labs will not be accepted after that lab has been marked and returned.
4. Microscopes will be assigned in the first lab to all students, with no charge for microscope key rental. The key is to be returned immediately following the Lab Exam. Failure to return the key will result in a grade of IN 35 (Incomplete) for the course, regardless of the actual grade.

A collection of plane light and crossed polarized views of 27 common isotropic, uniaxial and biaxial minerals. Each individual mineral page also contains a summary of the optical properties useful in recognition. The minerals represent those covered in Optical Mineralogy (ERSC 2P22) with the remainder being introduced in Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology (ERSC 3P21).

Optical Properties of Common Minerals

Select one of the minerals listed below to get a summary of the optical data and view representative plane light and crossed polar images. The minerals listed below are those which are introduced in ERSC 2P22 — Optical Mineralogy and 3P21 — Petrology and Petrography at Brock.