Environment

Director

Anthony Ward

Professor Emeritus

Robert C. Hoover

Professors

Diane P. Dupont, Steven J. Renzetti

Associate Professors

David T. Brown, Karen L. Krug, John Middleton, Anthony J. Ward

Co-operating Faculty

Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Economics, Geography, Political Science and Sociology

General Information

Administrative Assistant

Sylvia Barlow

905-688-5550, extension 3292

Mackenzie Chown MC D474

http://www.brocku.ca/envi

The Centre for the Environment offers programs in conjunction with six other departments. It consolidates the former Environmental Sciences and Environmental Policy programs. The Centre provides a core of inter-disciplinary courses shared by BA and BSc students. The interdisciplinary core is complemented by courses from other academic disciplines, required context courses, and free elective space. The Centre offers a Co-op program in Applied Environmental Science and Technology, four-year programs of study leading to a BA and BSc Honours in Environment, and three-year BA and BSc Pass degree programs with the following options: BA in Environment, with streams in Geography, Political Science, or Sociology; BSc in Environment with streams in Biological Sciences, Chemistry or Geography. As well the Centre offers a Minor and Certificate in Environment.

Program Notes

BSc Honours Program

Biological Sciences stream

Year 1

	ENVI 1P90 and 1P91
	BIOL 1F90
	CHEM 1F92
	MATH 1P97 and 1P98
	one Humanities context credit

Year 2

	ENVI 2P28, 2P91 and 2Q04
	CHEM 2P42
	one-half credit from ENVI Science list (see program note 1)
	two credits from BIOL 2P05, 2P92, 2P93, 2P96, 2P98
	one-half elective credit

Year 3

	ENVI 3P02
	one ENVI credit
	one-half credit from ENVI 3V10-3V15, 3V20-3V24, 3V25-3V29, 3V30-3V34
	two BIOL credits numbered 2(alpha)90 or above
	one elective credit

Year 4

	ENVI 4F91 and 4F92 or BIOL 4F90 and 4F91
	ENVI 4P88
	one BIOL credit
	one BIOL credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	one-half elective credit

Chemistry stream

Year 1

	ENVI 1P90 and 1P91
	CHEM 1F92
	MATH 1P01 and 1P02 or MATH 1P97 and 1P98
	one Humanities context credit
	one elective credit

Year 2

	ENVI 2P28, 2P91 and 2Q04
	CHEM 2P12 or 2P63
	CHEM 2P20, 2P32 and 2P42
	one-half credit from ENVI Science list (see program note 1)
	PHYS 1P21 or 1P91 (recommended)
	one of PHYS 1P22, 1P23, 1P92, 1P93

Year 3

	ENVI 3P02
	one ENVI credit
	one-half credit from ENVI 3V10-3V15, 3V20-3V24, 3V25-3V29, 3V30-3V34
	one credit from CHEM 3P20, 3P31, 3P32, 3P60
	one credit from CHEM 2P21, 3P20, 3P21, 3P31, 3P32, 3P40, 3P41, 3P60 (see program note 2)
	one elective credit

Year 4

	ENVI 4F91 and 4F92 or CHEM 4F90 and 4F91
	ENVI 4P88
	one CHEM credit
	one CHEM credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above (see program note 2)
	one-half elective credit

Physical Geography stream

Year 1

	ENVI 1P90 and 1P91
	CHEM 1F92
	GEOG 1F91
	MATH 1P97 and 1P98
	one Humanities context credit

Year 2

	ENVI 2P28, 2P91 and 2Q04
	one-half credit from ENVI Science list (see program note 1)
	CHEM 2P42
	GEOG 2P11
	one and one-half credits from ENVI 2P04, 2P05, 2P09, GEOG 2P07
	one-half elective credit

Year 3

	ENVI 3P02
	GEOG 3P56
	one ENVI credit
	one-half credit from ENVI 3V10-3V15, 3V20-3V24, 3V25-3V29, 3V30-3V34
	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from Group B (see Geography department calendar entry)
	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from Group B or C (see Geography department calendar entry)
	one elective credit

Year 4

	ENVI 4F91 and 4F92 or GEOG 4F90 and one GEOG credit from group B or C (see Geography department calendar entry)
	GEOG 4F99
	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)or above from group B or C (see Geography department calendar entry)
	one elective credit

Environmental Geoscience

Consult the Earth Sciences entry for a listing of program requirements

Applied Environmental Science and Technology Co-op (Honours only)

Students are advised to discuss with the Director the possibility of taking some third year biology courses during their second year, in order to expand the variety of courses open to them in their final year. For this purpose, ENVI 2P28, 2P91, 2P92 or 2P94 or the elective credit may be taken at a later stage in the program.

Students who do not successfully complete the Co-op work terms, but complete the requirement for the Niagara College certificate, will be awarded a BSc (Honours) Applied Environmental Science and Technology, with the Post Graduate certificate from Niagara College.

Year 1

	ENVI 1P90 and 1P91
	BIOL 1F90
	CHEM 1F92
	MATH 1P97 and 1P98
	one Humanities context credit

Year 2

	ENVI 2P28, 2P91 and 2Q04
	ENVI 2P92 or 2P94
	BIOL 2F01 and 2P05
	one credit from ENVI 2P09, BIOL 2P98, BTEC 2P09
	one-half elective credit
	SCIE 0N90

Year 3

Niagara College Post-graduate Certificate in Ecosystem Restoration (or Ecosystem Management)

Spring/Summer Sessions:

ENVI 0N01

Year 4

Fall Term:

ENVI 0N02

Spring/Summer Sessions:

ENVI 0N03

Year 4

Winter Term and Year 5 Fall Term:

	ENVI 3P02 and 3P95
	one and one-half BIOL credits
	two BIOL credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	one-half credit elective credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above

Students with a minimum 75 percent average can, at the discretion of the Director, take ENVI 4F92 (thesis).

BSc Pass Program

Satisfactory completion of the first three years of the Honours program entitles a student to apply for a Pass degree.

BA Honours Program

Human Geography stream

Year 1

	ENVI 1P90 and 1P91
	GEOG 1F90
	MATH 1P98
	one Humanities context credit
	one Science context credit (GEOG 1F91 strongly recommended)
	one-half elective credit

Year 2

	ENVI 2P28 and 2P91
	GEOG 2P10
	one ENVI credit
	one and one-half credits from GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 2P03, 2P06, 2P07
	one elective credit

Year 3

	ENVI 3P02
	GEOG 3P57
	one-half credit from ENVI 3V10-3V15, 3V20-3V24, 3V25-3V29, 3V30-3V34
	one ENVI credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above
	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from Group A (see Geography department calendar entry)
	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group A or C (see Geography department calendar entry)
	one elective credit

Year 4

	ENVI 4F90 and 4F91 or GEOG 4F90 and one GEOG credit from group A or C (see Geography department calendar entry)
	GEOG 4F99
	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 from group A or C (see Geography department calendar entry)
	one elective credit

Political Science stream

Year 1

	ENVI 1P90 and 1P91
	MATH 1P98
	one POLI credit numbered 1(alpha)90 to 1(alpha)99
	one Humanities context credit
	one Science context credit
	one-half elective credit

Year 2

	ENVI 2P28 and 2P91
	POLI 2P80
	one of POLI 2P91, 2P92, 2P93
	one ENVI credit
	one POLI credit
	one elective credit

Year 3

	ENVI 3P02 and 3P66
	POLI 3P91 or 3P92
	one-half credit from ENVI 3V10-3V15, 3V20-3V24, 3V25-3V29, 3V30-3V34
	one ENVI credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above
	one POLI credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above
	one elective credit

Year 4

	ENVI 4F90 and 4F91, or POLI 4F99, one-half ENVI credit and one-half elective credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	ENVI 4P88
	two POLI credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	one-half elective credit

Sociology stream

Year 1

	ENVI 1P90 and 1P91
	MATH 1P98
	SOCI 1F90
	one Humanities context credit
	one Science context credit
	one-half elective credit

Year 2

	ENVI 2P28 and 2P91
	SOCI 2P11 and 2P13
	one ENVI credit
	one SOCI credit
	one elective credit

Year 3

	ENVI 3P02
	SOCI 3P00 and 3P01
	one-half credit from ENVI 3V10-3V15, 3V20-3V24, 3V25-3V29, 3V30-3V34
	one ENVI credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above
	one SOCI credit
	one elective credit

Year 4

	ENVI 4F90 and 4F91, or SOCI 4F90, SOCI 4P01 and one-half SOCI credit
	SOCI 4F91 or one credit from SOCI 3P99, 4P10, 4P11, 4P15, 4P16
	one SOCI credit
	one-half SOCI credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	one-half elective credit

Environmental Economics (Honours only)

Year 1

Year 1 is now closed

Year 2

	ECON 2P21, 2P22 and 2P90
	one ECON credit numbered 2(alpha)00 or above (see program note 3)
	one of ENVI 2P04, 2P05, GEOG 2P11
	ENVI 2P09 or 2Q04
	ENVI 2P28
	one credit from the chosen secondary area of study

Year 3

	ECON 3P27, 3P28, 3P31, 3P32, 3P90 and 3P97
	ENVI 3P02
	one of ERSC 3P33, GEOG 3P80, 3P81
	one credit from the chosen secondary area of study

Year 4

	ECON 4F90
	one ECON credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above (see program note 3)
	one ECON credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above (see program note 3)
	two elective credits

Secondary Area of Study

Students choose a secondary area of study, normally in Biological Sciences, Environment or Human Geography. Alternative areas of study may be pursued with the approval of the Director.

Biological Sciences:

	BIOL 2P05 and 2Q04
	one elective credit

Human Geography:

	one credit from GEOG 2P02, 2P03, 2P06, 2P07, 2P10
	one elective credit

Environment:

two ENVI credits numbered 2(alpha)90 or above

BA Pass Program

Satisfactory completion of the first three years of the Honours program entitles a student to apply for a Pass degree.

Combined Major Programs

Combinations with other departments may be allowed subject to a coherent plan of study approved in advance by both academic units. Please consult the Director for more information.

Certificate in Environment

The Certificate in Environment provides focused training for those who already hold a degree, or have equivalent professional experience. Prospective students should consult with the Director before beginning the certificate program.

The Certificate is awarded upon completion of the following credits with a minimum 60 percent overall average:

	Four ENVI credits numbered 2(alpha)90 or above (chosen in consultation with the Director)
	MATH 1P98
	one-half COSC credit

The MATH/COSC requirement will be waived if equivalent courses have already been taken. Courses cannot be counted twice; therefore no ENVI course can count for both a degree and a certificate. (See "Certificate Requirements" under Academic Regulations.)

Minor in Environmental Studies

Students in other disciplines may obtain a Minor in Environmental Studies by successfully completing the following courses with a minimum of 60 percent overall average:

	ENVI 1P90, 1P91, 2P28, 2P91, 3P02, 3P95 and 4P88
	one and one-half ENVI credits numbered 2(alpha)00 or above

Description of Courses

Note that not all courses are offered in every session. Refer to the applicable term timetable for details.

# Indicates a cross listed course

* Indicates primary offering of a cross listed course

Prerequisites and Restrictions

Students must check to ensure that prerequisites are met. Students may be deregistered, at the request of the instructor, from any course for which prerequisites and/or restrictions have not been met.

ENVI 1P90

Introduction to Sustainability

Definitions, key characteristics and basic value assumptions of sustainability. Energy, materials and information flows; key components of built and natural environmental systems and our ability to influence them. Concepts of inter-disciplinarity. Integration of environmental, economic and socio-political factors in policy making. Theoretical bases of decision-making to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

ENVI 1P91

Applied Environmental Policy

Key environmental issues and the principles and policies that affect them. Environmental implications of human activity in natural and built environments from local to global scales. Case studies of principles of sustainability. Emphasis on policy options, problem solving, possibilities for creative social action and planned change.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: ENVI 1P90 or permission of the instructor.

#ENVI 2P00

Natural Hazards

(also offered as ERSC 2P00)

Identification of naturally occurring atmospheric and geological hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, floods and their impacts on urban planning and development, infrastructure, public safety and policy issues.

Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one of ERSC 1F01 (1F95), 1F90, GEOG 1F91 or permission of the instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade in ERSC 1P92, ENVI (ERSC) 2P61 or ERSC 2P64.

#ENVI 2P03

Urban Geography

(also offered as GEOG 2P03)

Basic concepts and problems underlying the growth of cities, the urban system, land-use patterns in the city and urban policy making.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) majors until date specified in BIRT guide.

Prerequisite: GEOG 1F90 or permission of the instructor.

#ENVI 2P04

Introduction to Meteorology

(also offered as GEOG 2P04)

Principles, structure, composition and processes of the atmosphere; its energy budget, moisture balance and motion. Weather forecasting in middle and low latitudes, forecasting techniques and special problems in applied meteorology.

Lectures, lab, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) majors until date specified in BIRT guide.

Prerequisite: GEOG 1F91 or permission of instructor.

#ENVI 2P05

Earth Surfaces Processes

(also offered as ERSC 2P05 and GEOG 2P05)

Earth surface processes and geomorphology within global environments. A dynamic and physically based account of processes and the Earth's surface, linking the fields of sedimentology, physical geography and fluid mechanics.

Lectures, lab, field work, 5 hours per week.

Prerequisite: ERSC 1F01 (1F95) or GEOG 1F91 or permission of the instructor.

#ENVI 2P09

Principles of Biogeography

(also offered as ERSC 2P09 and GEOG 2P09)

Autoecological aspects of soils and plants including the human impact at all scales. Patterns of soils and plants and their explanation. Spatial patterns of soils and vegetation communities and their explanation.

Lectures, lab, 4 hours per week.

Prerequisites: one of ERSC 1F01 (1F95) and MATH 1P98, GEOG 1F91and MATH 1P98, CHEM 1F92 (1P80 and 1P81, or CHEM 1P90 and 1P91) or permission of the instructor.

#ENVI 2P28

Economics of the Environment

(also offered as ECON 2P28)

Environmental problems and natural resource management. Real world applications and case studies including sustainable development, pollution, taxes, the crisis in Canada's commercial fisheries and valuing improvements to environmental quality.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to students with a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

ENVI 2P91

Ethics, Equity and Environmental Thought

The meaning of terms and distinctions in ethical theory as they apply to environmental issues. Background theory on equity, and case studies illustrating its place in developing sustainable approaches to environmental issues. Introduction to major ecophilosophies and their contributions, limitations and significance.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91 or permission of the instructor.

*ENVI 2P92

Conservation Planning

(also offered as TOUR 2P92)

Application of ecological theory to environmental planning for conservation of species and ecosystems in a world dominated by human activities. Attitudes, values, and approaches: conservation, preservation, utilitarianism, stewardship and management. Co-existence of humans and wild life in parks, reserves, zoos, and productive landscapes. Conservation and development. Conservation programs, policies and legislation.

Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90, 1P91 and MATH 1P98 or permission of the instructor.

ENVI 2P93

Materials, Waste and Recycling

Overview of materials life cycles, waste management and recycling. Traditional waste management methods, technological disposal, modern integrated waste management. Logistics and limits of recycling. Waste reduction and environmentally sensible design. Disposables versus reusables. Composting and organic waste management. Optimal materials use and life cycle analysis. Waste management policy and legislation.

Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90, 1P91 and MATH 1P98 or permission of the instructor.

*ENVI 2P94

Global Conventions on Environment and Development

(also offered as INTL 2P94 and TOUR 2P94)

Attempts of the global community to set policy through processes such as the World Conservation Strategy, the Brundtland Commission, Agenda 21 and the Commission on Sustainable Development.

Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91 or INTL 1F90 (1P95) and MATH 1P98, or permission of the instructor.

ENVI 2P95

Human Services Planning

Environmental policy decisions that integrate ecological and social service issues. Fulfilling human rights and obligations through universal access to basic necessities; realizing community objectives for enhanced quality of life through provision of social services. Policy planning to reduce the decline of communities and social services and to prevent crime, poverty, illness and illiteracy.

Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91 or permission of the instructor.

#ENVI 2Q04

Principles of Community and Environmental Biology

(also offered as BIOL 2Q04)

Principles of evolutionary ecology; biological processes at the community level of biological organization; patterns and diversity in natural ecosystems in terms of environmental toxins and their bioaccumulation in food webs; factors influencing community structure, biotic diversity and energy flow through ecosystems.

Lectures, 2 hours per week; lab, 3 hours per week during the Fall Term.

Restriction: students must have a minimum of 3.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: BIOL 1F90.

Note: one-half year 1 credit in MATH strongly recommended. Year 2 students enrolled in the ENEC program are permitted to register in ENVI 2Q04 provided they have successfully completed the MATH and GEOG requirement in year 1 of the program.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade in BIOL 2P04.

ENVI 3F70

International Field Course

Intensive field course in another country in an area of study of environmental interest.

Restriction: open to ENVI majors, Minor and Certificate students with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of the Director.

Note: consult the Centre prior to registration. Students are expected to cover all their own expenses.

ENVI 3P01

Environmental Chemistry

Sources and sinks of natural and synthetic toxic chemicals. Physical and chemical properties of persistent and transient toxins, their modes of transport in the environment. Specific examples include dioxins, PCBs, PAHs, mercury, chlorinated pesticides. Introduction to chemical toxicology.

Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.

Restriction: open to BSc ENVI majors with a minimum of 9.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: CHEM 2P42 or permission of the instructor

ENVI 3P02

Environmental Legislation and Case Studies

Existing legislation pertaining to environmental planning and remediation of concern to environmental scientists. Case studies of Canadian environmental problems; the role of environmental scientists in implementing legislated regulations during the remediation process.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to ENVI majors, ENVI certificate students with a minimum of 9.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.

ENVI 3P03

Sustainable Agriculture

Critical analysis of definitions of policies for and approaches to agriculture in terms of sustainability principles.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91 or permission of the instructor

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade in ENVI 3V31.

*ENVI 3P49

Gender and Environment

(also offered as TOUR 3P49 and WISE 3P49)

Theoretical perspectives on feminism and ecophilosophies such as ecofeminism, deep ecology, and social ecology. Implications for local, national and global policy.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to ENVI majors, ENVI certificate students, TOUR and WISE majors.

Prerequisite: one of ENVI 1P90 and 1P91, WISE 2F90, 2P91, or permission of the instructor.

Note: students taking a Minor in Environment or Women's Studies may register. Contact the Centre for the Environment.

#ENVI 3P66

Environmental Policy, Law, and Administration

(also offered as POLI 3P66)

Development of the issue of pollution, including perceptions of the problem of different actors, public participation, governmental reactions and legislation, the implementation of potential solutions and international cooperation. Topics may include toxic wastes, acid rain, energy, the Great Lakes, risk assessment and ideologies.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one POLI credit numbered 1(alpha)90 to 1(alpha)99 or permission of the instructor.

*ENVI 3P70

International Field Course

(also offered as INTL 3P70)

Intensive field course in another country, in an area of study of environmental interest.

Restriction: open to ENVI majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of the Director.

Prerequisite: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91 or INTL 1F90 (1P95), or permission of the Director.

Note: a list of eligible modules will be posted in the fall term; consult the Centre for the Environment for registration instructions. Registrants are expected to defray the cost of travel, accommodation and other expenses.

ENVI 3P90

Directed Studies I

Topics and readings to be chosen in consultation with a faculty member who is willing to supervise the student.

Restriction: open to ENVI majors with a minimum of 9.0 overall credits and permission of the Director.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91.

ENVI 3P91

Directed Studies II

Topics and readings to be chosen in consultation with a faculty member who is willing to supervise the student.

Restriction: open to ENVI majors with a minimum of 9.0 overall credits and permission of the Director.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91.

ENVI 3P95

Ecosystem-Based Planning

Principles of ecosystem-based planning of human settlements and natural infrastructure, using the Niagara region, the Toronto waterfront, and other local and regional examples as case studies. Translation of principles of ecosystem-based planning into practice. The role of governments, agencies, ministries, academic institutions, NGOs and private citizens in facilitating ecosystem-based planning. Current initiatives and future prospects for ecosystem-based planning. Inventory of natural, social, cultural, historical and economic resources and the development of practical, implementable policy plans for significant local landscape features.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: students must have a minimum of 9.0 overall credits.

Prerequisites: ENVI 2P28 and 2P91 or permission of the instructor.

ENVI 3V10-3V15

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Pollution

Specific topics to be selected.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91 or permission of the Director.

Note: each course in this series uses guest speakers from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds to explore one aspect of pollution.

ENVI 3V20-3V24

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Human Settlements

Specific topics to be selected.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91 or permission of the Director

Note: each course in this series uses guest speakers from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds to explore one aspect of human settlements.

*ENVI 3V25-3V29

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Issues

(also offered as INTL 3V25-3V29)

Specific topics to be selected.

Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: one of ENVI 1P90 and 1P91, INTL 1F90 (1P95) or permission of the Director.

Note: each course in this series uses guest speakers from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds to explore one aspect of international environmental policy issues.

ENVI 3V30-3V34

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Environmental Issues

Specific topics to be selected.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91 or permission of the Director.

Note: each course in this series uses guest speakers from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds to explore one aspect of an environmental policy issue.

ENVI 3V60-3V65

Selected Issues in Urban Policy

Examination of specific issues of urban policy.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91 or permission of the Director.

Note: these may vary from year to year.

ENVI 3V90-3V99

Special Topics

Tutorial/seminar/special projects or directed readings course in an area of environment and development not represented by other courses.

Restriction: consult the Director for permission to register.

Prerequisites: ENVI 1P90 and 1P91.

ENVI 4F90

BA Honours Thesis

Original research project under faculty supervision.

Restriction: open to ENVI majors with approval to year 4 (honours).

Co-requisite: ENVI 4F91.

Note: scheduled tutorials and class meetings are held throughout the year. An oral defence of the final report will be required. Consult the Director prior to registration.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade in ENVI 4F92.

ENVI 4F91

Literature Research and Seminar

Detailed study of the literature relevant to the topic of the honours thesis, under faculty supervision.

Restriction: open to ENVI majors with approval to year 4 (honours).

Co-requisite: ENVI 4F90 or 4F92.

Note: scheduled tutorials and class meetings are held throughout the year. An oral defence of the final report will be required. The review will be included in the thesis. Consult the Director prior to registration.

ENVI 4F92

BSc Honours Thesis and Research Seminar

Original research project under faculty supervision.

Restriction: open to ENVI majors with approval to year 4 (honours).

Co-requisite: ENVI 4F91.

Note: scheduled tutorials and class meetings are held throughout the year. An oral defence of the final report will be required. Consult the Director prior to registration.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade in ENVI 4F90.

#ENVI 4P21

Issues of the Global System

(also offered as INTL 4P21 and TOUR 4P21)

Power relationships, economic factors, cultural patterns, globalization and extra-state phenomena such as pollution and disease. The role and possibilities for leadership, with a view to leadership development.

Seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: minimum of 14.0 overall credits or permission of the Director.

ENVI 4P88

Interdisciplinary Practicum and Seminar

Research on a focused environmental problem or task emphasizing problem definition, establishment of terms of reference, report preparation, communication and formal presentation.

Seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to ENVI majors with approval to year 4 (honours).

Note: carried out under the direction of a faculty member, working either within the university or in collaboration with a government agency, NGO, or private sector agency.

CO-OP COURSES

ENVI 0N01

Co-op Work Placement I

First Co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.

Restriction: open to ENVI Co-op students.

ENVI 0N02

Co-op Work Placement II

Second Co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.

Restriction: open to ENVI Co-op students.

ENVI 0N03

Co-op Work Placement III

Third Co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.

Restriction: open to ENVI Co-op students.

ENVI 0N04

Co-op Work Placement IV

Optional Co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.

Restriction: open to ENVI Co-op students.

ENVI 0N05

Co-op Work Placement V

Optional Co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.

Restriction: open to ENVI Co-op students.