2003-2004 Undergraduate Calendar

Classics is an interdisciplinary field, overlapping all the main areas of the Humanities. The Department of Classics offers two types of courses: courses in Greek or Latin language and literature, and courses in Classics, embracing ancient civilization in all its aspects: literature, philosophy, education, history, religion, art and archaeology. In general, CLAS courses require no knowledge of Greek or Latin.

The Department has special resources for illustrating ancient life. Archaeological training sessions are conducted in the summer in Mediterranean lands. Brock is a contributing member to several research and teaching institutions located in the Mediterranean, including the American School of Classical Studies in Athens and the Canadian Archaeological Institute in Athens.

The Brock Museum of Cypriote Antiquities contains a representative collection of art and artifacts from the Neolithic period to beyond the Roman Empire. The Niagara Peninsula Society of the Archaeological Institute of America, in conjunction with the Department, organizes archaeological programs and lectures.

Study tours of Rome are offered jointly by Classics, Visual Arts and other departments.

The brochure Classics at Brock contains additional information about the Classics Department and its programs. Students are encouraged to consult the Chair to discuss their educational objectives and career plans.

Language Requirement for Humanities Majors

Students in the Department of Classics are required to complete one credit in a language other than English. Where half-credit courses are used to satisfy the requirement, both half credits must be in the same language. Note that either Greek or Latin may be used to fulfil this requirement.

Students are advised that graduate programs in Classics require competence in Greek and Latin. Those considering graduate work in Classics (including classical archaeology) should plan to go beyond the minimum four GREE/LATI credits required in the Classical Studies Honours program.

Program Notes

1.	A maximum of one credit in field work may be counted.
2.	In all 20 credit degree programs, at least 12 credits must be numbered 2(alpha)00 or above, six of which must be numbered 2(alpha)90 or above and of these, three must be numbered 3(alpha)90 or above. In all 15 credit degree programs, at least seven credits must be numbered 2(alpha)00 or above, three of which must be numbered 2(alpha)90 or above.

Honours Program

Students seeking an Honours degree have a choice of three streams in Classics:

1 Classical Languages emphasizes proficiency in the Greek and Latin languages and knowledge of Greek and Roman literature.

2. Ancient Art and Archaeology examines the cultures of the ancient Mediterranean and Near East from the perspectives of both anthropological archaeology and art history.

3. Classical Studies combines the study of Greek and Roman history, religion and literature-in-translation.

Honours majors should consult with their Departmental adviser to arrange a suitable program.

Classical Languages stream

Twelve credits labeled CLAS, GREE or LATI are required for an Honours degree:

	CLAS 3P07, 3P08, 3P09 and 3P10
	GREE 2P01 and 2P02
	LATI 2P01 and 2P02
	two CLAS, GREE or LATI credits (see program note 2)
	six GREE or LATI credits (see program note 2)
	one Social Science context
	one Science context credit
	six elective credits

Ancient Art and Archaeology stream

Fourteen credits labelled CLAS, GREE or LATI are required for an Honours degree:

	CLAS 3P07, 3P08, 3P09 and 3P10
	six credits from CLAS 2P27, 2P30, 2P32, 2P36, 2P38, 2P48, 3P22, 3P23, 3P24, 3P25, 3P26, 3P75 (or 4F75), 4M00-4M09, 4P13, 4P14, 4V20-4V29, 4V30-4V39 (see program notes 1 and 2)
	two CLAS, GREE or LATI credits (see program note 2)
	four GREE or LATI credits (see program note 2)
	one Social Science context credit
	one Science context credit
	four elective credits

Classical Studies stream

Twelve credits labelled CLAS, GREE or LATI are required for an Honours degree:

	CLAS 3P07, 3P08, 3P09 and 3P10
	six CLAS, GREE or LATI credits (see program note 2)
	four GREE or LATI credits (see program note 2)
	one Social Science context credit
	one Science context credit
	six elective credits

Pass Program

Students seeking a Pass degree have a choice of two streams in Classics.

1.	Classical Languages emphasizes proficiency in the Greek and Latin languages and knowledge of Greek and Roman literature.
2.	Classical Studies combines the study of Greek and Roman history, religion, literature-in-translation, art and archaeology. Pass majors should consult with their Departmental adviser to arrange a suitable program.

Classical Languages stream

Eight credits labelled CLAS, GREE or LATI are required for a Pass degree:

	one credit from CLAS 3P07, 3P08, 3P09, 3P10
	two CLAS, GREE or LATI credits (see program note 2)
	five GREE or LATI credits (see program note 2)
	one Social Science context credit
	one Science context credit
	five elective credits

Classical Studies stream

Eight credits labelled CLAS, GREE or LATI are required for a Pass degree:

	one credit from CLAS 3P07, 3P08, 3P09, 3P10
	six CLAS, GREE or LATI credits (see program note 2)
	one GREE or LATI credit (see program note 2)
	one Social Science context credit
	one Science context credit
	five elective credits

Combined Major Program

A student may combine either an Honours or a Pass program in Classical Studies with another major field.

The Honours program consists of a minimum of seven credits labelled CLAS, GREE or LATI, four of which must be numbered 2(alpha)90 or above and, of these, two must be numbered 3(alpha)90 or above; two must be GREE or LATI.

The Pass program consists of a minimum of five credits labelled CLAS, GREE or LATI, two of which must be numbered 2(alpha)90 or above; one must be a GREE or LATI credit.

Minor in Classics

Students in other disciplines can obtain a Minor in Classical Studies within their degree program by completing the following courses with a minimum 60 percent overall average:

	CLAS 1P91 and 1P92 or CLAS 1P95 and 1P97
	CLAS 3P05 and 3P06
	one credit from CLAS 3P07, 3P08, 3P09, 3P10
	one credit from CLAS 2P40, 2P50, 2P61, 3P00, 3P02, GREE courses numbered 2(alpha)00 to 3(alpha)99, LATI courses numbered 2(alpha)00 to 3(alpha)99
	one of GREE 1P01 and 1P02, LATI 1P01 and 1P02, LATI 2P01 and 2P02

Students in other disciplines can obtain a Minor in Classical Archaeology within their degree program by completing the following courses with a minimum 60 percent overall average:

	CLAS 1P91 and 1P92 or CLAS 1P95 and 1P97
	CLAS 2P30 and 2P32
	one credit from CLAS 3P07, 3P08, 3P09, 3P10
	one credit from CLAS 2P36, 2P38, 2P48, 3P22, 3P23, 3P24, 3P25, 3P75
	one of GREE 1P01 and 1P02, LATI 1P01 and 1P02, LATI 2P01 and 2P02

Description of Courses

Note that not all courses are offered in every session. Refer to the applicable term timetable for details.

Prerequisites and Restrictions

Students must check to ensure that prerequisites are met. Students may be deregistered, at the request of the instructor, from any course for which prerequisites and/or restrictions have not been met.

CLASSICS

CLAS 1P93

Culture and Civilization of Central Europe: From the Prehistoric to the Carolingian Period

(also offered as GERM 1P93)

Cultural development of central Europe from the earliest stone and pottery cultures, the Bronze and Iron Ages, the Celts and Romans and the first Germanic kingdoms. Beliefs and practices, artistic style and architecture. Slides are used to illustrate the cultural evidence.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Note: given in English.

CLAS 1P95

Myths of the Greek and Roman Gods

Traditional story types: nature myths, ritual myths. Diffusion of myths in the ancient world. The creation, the succession in heaven and the individual gods. Functions of myth in ancient society. Modern theories of myth.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

CLAS 1P97

Myths of the Heroic Age

Traditional story types: folktale, legend. Concept of a Heroic Age, centres and cycles of legend, pseudo-history. Response to Greek and Roman myths through the ages.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

CLAS 2P27

Ancient Civilizations of Egypt and the Near East

History and material culture of the civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Iran, Anatolia and Syro-Palestine from the origins of agriculture through the great Iron Age empires emphasizing the revolutionary social, political, economic and artistic achievements of Near Eastern cultures.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

CLAS 2P30

Origins of Human Culture

Growth and development of human society from the prehistoric beginnings through the complex societies of the ancient Near East and India.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

CLAS 2P32

Field Archaeology

Introduction to basic archaeological theory, field techniques and procedures; the study of archaeological materials.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade in CLAS 2P93.

CLAS 2P36

Greek Archaeology

Archaeology and material culture of the ancient Greek world from the Upper Paleolithic period to the end of the Hellenistic period.Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one credit from CLAS 1P91, 1P92, 1P93, 1P95, 1P97, 2P30, 2P32.

CLAS 2P40

Ancient Sport

Sport and sporting values and their central role in ancient society. Topics include sporting events and facilities, sporting festivals, religious and political connections, intellectual and popular attitudes, a comparison of ancient and modern realities and values.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

CLAS 2P48

Greek Sanctuaries

Historical development of Greek sanctuaries. Rural shrines in different regions; civic shrines in different city-states; ethnic and Panhellenic shrines. Healing and other needs; patterns of civic worship; the rise and fall of Delphi and Olympia emphasizing interplay between tradition and changing needs and values.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one credit from CLAS 1P91, 1P92, 1P95, 1P97.

CLAS 2P50

Great Myths in Literature and Art

Most influential myths in Greek and Latin literature and in ancient art, emphasizing continuity of themes and images. Selected readings in major genres of poetry and prose. Selected works of painting and sculpture.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one credit from CLAS 1P91, 1P92, 1P93, 1P95, 1P97.

CLAS 2P61

Women in the Ancient World

(also offered as WISE 2P61)

Problems and issues of particular relevance to women in Greek and Roman society. Topics include social, political and legal rights; prostitution; religious duties; marriage and children; birth control and abortion.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

CLAS 2P62

Politics of Gender in Archaic and Classical Greece

(also offered as WISE 2P62)

Social issues of ancient Greece as viewed from a modern perspective. Topics include familial bonding; female and male identity; domestic and civil violence; sexuality and social status; power dynamics within the family and the city-state.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

CLAS 3P00

Homer and Greek Epic

Two heroic epics of Homer, The Iliad and The Odyssey. Topics include the conventions of epic, the oral transmission of epic verse and the Homeric concept of the gods.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one of CLAS 1P91, 1P95, 1P97, 3P05.

Note: open to students who lack the prerequisite but have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

CLAS 3P02

Greek Tragedy

Origins of tragedy and its development as entertainment and literature through the Classical period. Works may include Aeschylus, The Oresteia; Sophocles, Oedipus Rex and Oedipus at Colonus; and Euripides, Medea and Hippolytus.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one of CLAS 1P91, 1P95, 1P97, 3P05, DART (DRAM) 1F93.

Note: open to students who lack the prerequisite but have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

CLAS 3P05

Masterworks and Major Genres of Greek Literature

Critical study of selected works from the Archaic through the Roman period with emphasis on poetry and drama, literary history and the conventions of major genres. Genres include epic, tragedy, comedy, satyr drama, lyric, pastoral, novel and satire.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to students with a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

CLAS 3P06

Masterworks and Major Genres of Latin Literature

Critical study of selected works from both the Republican and Imperial eras with emphasis on poetry and drama, literary history and the conventions of major genres. Genres include epic, tragedy, comedy, lyric, elegy, pastoral, novel and satire.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to students with a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

CLAS 3P07

History of Early Greece

Social and political history of the Greek world from the Bronze Age to 450 BC: Minoans and Mycenaeans, Dark Age, colonizing period, tyrants, rise of Sparta, Persian wars, and Athenian Empire. Readings from Greek historians and documents in translation.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade in CLAS 2P91.

CLAS 3P08

History of Classical Greece

Social and political history of the Greek world, 450-323 BC. The great war between Athens and Sparta, rivalry of city-states, rise of national states, Alexander the Great. Readings from Greek historians and documents in translation.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: CLAS 3P07 (2P91) or permission of the instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade in CLAS 2P92.

CLAS 3P09

History of the Roman Republic

History of Rome to the Battle of Actium (31 BC) emphasizing social and political developments from the Gracchi to Julius Caesar.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade in CLAS 2P98.

CLAS 3P10

History of the Early Roman Empire

History of Rome from the Battle of Actium to the death of Marcus Aurelius (AD 180) emphasizing social and political developments.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: CLAS 3P09 (2P98) or permission of the instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade in CLAS 2P99.

CLAS 3P22

Art and Architecture of Iron Age Italy and the Roman Republic

(also offered as VISA 3P22)

Art and architecture of the cultures of the Italian peninsula, in the first millennium BC, within the framework of cultural change and external influences.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one credit from CLAS 1P91, 1P92, 1P93, 1P95, 1P97 or VISA 1F98 (1F90).

CLAS 3P23

Art and Architecture of Rome in the Imperial Age

(also offered as VISA 3P23)

Roman art and architecture from Augustus to Late Antiquity. Christian art and architecture and the influence of Roman aesthetics on the Renaissance and beyond.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one credit from CLAS 1P91, 1P92, 1P93, 1P95, 1P97 or VISA 1F98 (1F90).

CLAS 3P24

Art and Architecture of Early Greece

(also offered as VISA 3P24)

Greek art and architecture from the Bronze age through the end of the Archaic period within the framework of historical and cultural change.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one credit from CLAS 1P91, 1P92, 1P93, 1P95, 1P97 or VISA 1F98 (1F90).

CLAS 3P25

Art and Architecture of Classical Greece and the Hellenistic World

(also offered as VISA 3P25)

Greek art and architecture from the early Classical era through the Hellenistic period within the framework of historical and cultural change.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one credit from CLAS 1P91, 1P92, 1P93, 1P95, 1P97 or VISA 1F98 (1F90).

CLAS 3P26

Art and Architecture of the Byzantine Empire

(also offered as VISA 3P26)

Material culture of the Byzantine Empire from its origins in late antiquity to the Ottoman conquest. Monumental mosaic, painting, sculpture, the luxury arts and domestic artifacts within the architectural framework of house, church and city.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one credit from CLAS 1P92, 2P36, 2P38, 3P10 (2P99) or VISA 1F98 (1F90).

CLAS 3P75

Archaeological Field Work

Topics may include excavation, surveys, lectures, demonstrations and study tours of sites, monuments and museums.

Restriction: open to students with a minimum of 4.0 overall credits and permission of the Department.

Prerequisite: CLAS 2P30 and 2P32 or permission of the instructor.

Note: students are expected to pay their own expenses.

CLAS 4F75

Archaeological Practicum in Mediterranean Lands

Field work including excavation, surveys, lectures, demonstrations and study tours of ancient sites, monuments and museums.

Restriction: permission of the Department.

Prerequisite: CLAS 2P30, 2P32 and 4P13 or permission of the instructor.

Note: when offered (once every two years) practica run daily for six weeks during the summer and are conducted with the assistance of local authorities. Students are expected to pay their own expenses.

CLAS 4M00-4M09

Study in Mediterranean Lands

(also offered as VISA 4M00-4M09)

Topographical investigations of ancient sites and monuments. Study tours of the great cities and museums of the Mediterranean world emphasizing the art and architecture of the Prehistoric, Classical and later periods.

Restriction: permission of the Department.

Note: offered in the Spring or Summer Session for three or four weeks of intensive study abroad. Students are expected to pay their own expenses.

CLAS 4M01

2003-2004: Monumental Rome from Romulus to the Renaissance

(also offered as ITAL 4M01 and VISA 4M01)

Rome as a city of monuments, from its founding to the Renaissance. The Roman and imperial fora, baths, Colosseum, mediaeval and Renaissance churches and palaces, including St. Peter's and the Vatican emphasizing sites both as monuments and relics, and for their social function.

Note: offered in Italy: 4 weeks. Students are expected to pay their own expenses.

CLAS 4P00

History of the Hellenistic World, 323-30 BC

Political, social and intellectual history of the Hellenistic world between Alexander and Cleopatra. The Successor states and the Hellenistic balance of power, Greek federalism, Roman intervention, the Library and Museum of Alexandria.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: CLAS 3P07 (2P91) and 3P08 (2P92).

CLAS 4P13

The Art and Archaeology of Cyprus

(also offered as VISA 4P13)

Cultural history of Cyprus from the Neolithic period through the early Byzantine period, based on the archaeo-logical record. Role of Cyprus in the civilization of the eastern Mediterranean.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one CLAS credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above, VISA 1F98 (1F90) or permission of the Department.

CLAS 4P14

Aegean Bronze Age

(also offered as VISA 4P14)

Development of the Bronze Age cultures of the Aegean basin from 3000 to 1100 BC emphasizing art and architecture of the Minoans on Crete and the Mycenaeans on the Greek mainland.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one CLAS credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above, VISA 1F98 (1F90) or permission of the Department.

CLAS 4V20-4V29

Topics in Archaeology

Selected topics and problems in current archaeological research that pertain to the Mediterranean and to the Near East.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisites: CLAS 2P30, 2P32 and one CLAS credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above or permission of the Department.

CLAS 4V30-4V39

Topics in Mediterranean Art and Architecture

(also offered as VISA 4V30-4V39)

Selected topics and problems in current art historical and archaeological research pertaining to the art and architecture of the ancient Greek or Roman world.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one credit from CLAS 3P22, 3P23, 3P24, 3P25 or VISA 1F98 (1F90) or permission of the Department.

CLAS 4V50-4V69

Special Subject in Classics

Study of a special subject in one of the following areas: Greek and Latin linguistics and literature, Greek and Roman history, philosophy and religion.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one CLAS credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above or permission of the Department.

CLAS 4V90-4V99

Advanced Study and Directed Research

Individual study in one of the following areas: archaeology, ancient history, classical literature.

Restriction: permission of the Department.

Note: content to be determined by the interests of the student and the advice of the Department.

GREEK

GREE 1P01

Language (Introductory) I

Fundamentals of Greek. Selections from various Greek authors.

Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.

Note: students who have studied classical Greek before coming to university should identify themselves to the Department; such students might be eligible to enrol in GREE 2P01.

GREE 1P02

Language (Introductory) II

Fundamentals of Greek. Selections from various Greek authors.

Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.

Prerequisite: GREE 1P01.

GREE 2P01

Language and Literature I

Review of grammar. Intermediate selections from Greek authors.

Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.

Prerequisite: GREE 1P02 or permission of the Department.

GREE 2P02

Language and Literature II

Further intermediate selections from Greek authors. Greek prose composition.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: GREE 2P01 or permission of the Department.

GREE 3V00-3V09

Greek Epic

Selections from Greek epic (authors and works vary from year to year).

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: GREE 2P02 or permission of the instructor.

GREE 3V10-3V19

Greek Historians

Selections from the works of the classical Greek historians (authors and selections vary from year to year).

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: GREE 2P02 or permission of the instructor.

GREE 3V15

2003-2004: Xenophon, Hellenica

GREE 3V90-3V99

Greek Tragedy

One or more Greek tragedies and/or satyr-drama (authors and works vary from year to year).

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: GREE 2P02 or permission of the instructor.

GREE 3V90

2003-2004: Euripides: a Tragedy

GREE 4V50-4V59

Greek Comedy

One or more Greek comedies (authors and works vary from year to year).

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: GREE 2P02 or permission of the instructor.

GREE 4V60-4V69

Greek Philosophy

Selected Greek philosophical works (authors and works vary from year to year).

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: GREE 2P02 or permission of the instructor.

GREE 4V90-4V99

Advanced Readings and Directed Research

Studies in Greek literature. Content to be determined by the interests of the student and availability of instructors.

Seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: permission of the Department.

LATIN

LATI 1P01

Language (Introductory) I

Fundamentals of Latin. Selections from various Latin authors.

Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.

Note: students who have studied Latin before coming to university should identify themselves to the Department; such students might be eligible to enrol in LATI 2P01.

LATI 1P02

Language (Introductory) II

Fundamentals of Latin. Selections from various Latin authors.

Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.

Prerequisite: LATI 1P01 or OAC Latin.

LATI 2P01

Language and Literature I

Review of grammar. Intermediate selections from Latin authors.

Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.

Prerequisite: LATI 1P02 or OAC LATI or permission of the Department.

LATI 2P02

Language and Literature II