Tourism and Environment

Chair

John Middleton

Professor Emeritus

Robert C. Hoover

Professor

David A. Fennell

Associate Professors

David T. Brown, Atsuko Hashimoto, Karen L. Krug, John Middleton, Ryan Plummer, David J. Telfer, Anthony J. Ward

Assistant Professor

Danuta de Grosbois

Academic Adviser

Jeanette Ramsay

General Information

Administrative Assistant

JoAnne Toews

905-688-5550, extension 3292

Shaver Building, Room 100

http://www.brocku.ca/tren

The Department of Tourism and Environment provides an interdisciplinary approach to studying the environment, tourism, and the human-environment interface. Emphasis is placed on exploring the socio-ecological system at local, national, and international scales. It consolidates the former Centre for the Environment and Tourism Studies program.

The Department of Tourism and Environment strives to foster knowledge of sustainability, (environmental, social, economic and political) development and the tourism environment. Programs of study are designed for students pursuing careers in tourism administration, environmental management, economic development, or planning consultants in local organizations to multinational corporations and municipal, provincial or national government agencies.

Students are also able to combine the Tourism and Environment Degree with a Minor in International Studies. Students interested in pursuing the Minor in International Studies are required to follow the prescribed set of courses for the Minor outlined in the International Studies section of the calendar.

Brock University is uniquely positioned on the Niagara Escarpment (a biosphere reserve) and minutes away from Niagara Falls, one of the premier international tourism destinations in the world.

The Department of Tourism and Environment offers a BA Honours and a BA with Major in Tourism and Environment, both of which are four-year programs. The requirement for graduation with a BA Honours degree in Tourism and Environment is a minimum of 70 percent major average and a minimum of 60 percent non-major average in the remaining credits. The requirement for graduation with a BA in Tourism and Environment is a minimum 60 percent major average and a minimum 60 percent overall average.

Program Notes

Honours Program

Year 1

	TREN 1F90
	one Humanities context credit
	one Science context credit
	two elective credits (see program note 2)

Year 2

	TREN 2P10, 2P11, 2P12, 2P13, 2P14, 2P16 and 2P26
	one of TREN 2P28, 2P41, ECON 2P65
	one elective credit

Year 3

	TREN 3P10, 3P11, 3P14, 3P19, 3P20 and 3P23
	one TREN credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above
	one elective credit (see program note 3)

Year 4

	TREN 4F80 and one TREN credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above, or TREN 4F90 and TREN 4F91
	TREN 4P10, 4P14 and 4P15
	one and one-half elective credits

Environment-Biological Sciences stream

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4

	TREN 4F91 and 4F92 or BIOL 4F90 and 4F91
	TREN 4P88
	one BIOL credit
	one BIOL credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	one-half elective credit

Environment-Chemistry stream

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4

	TREN 4F91 and 4F92 or CHEM 4F90 and 4F91
	TREN 4P88
	one CHEM credit
	one CHEM credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above (see program note 5)
	one-half elective credit

Environment-Physical Geography stream

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4

	TREN 4F91 and 4F92 or GEOG 4F90 and one GEOG credit from group B or C (see Geography department)
	GEOG 4F99
	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)or above from group B or C (see Geography department)
	one elective credit

Applied Environmental Science and Technology Co-op (Honours only)

Students who do not successfully complete the Co-op work terms, but complete the requirement for the Niagara College certificate, will be awarded a BSc (Honours) Applied Environmental Science and Technology, with the Post Graduate certificate from Niagara College.

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4 Winter Term and Year 5 Fall Term

	TREN 3P24
	BIOL 3P95
	one and one-half BIOL credits
	two BIOL credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	one-half credit elective credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above

Students with a minimum 75 percent average can, at the discretion of the Chair, take TREN 4F91 and 4F92 (thesis)

Environment-Economics stream

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4

	TREN 4F90 and 4F91, or ECON 4F90 and one TREN credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above
	one half TREN credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	ECON 3P97, 4P13 and 4P14
	one elective credit

Environment-Human Geography stream

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4

	TREN 4F90 and 4F91 or GEOG 4F90 and one GEOG credit from group A or C (see Geography department)
	GEOG 4F99
	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 from group A or C (see Geography department)
	one elective credit

Environment-Political Science stream

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4

	TREN 4F90 and 4F91, or POLI 4F99, one-half TREN credit and one-half elective credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	TREN 4P88
	two POLI credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	one-half elective credit

Environment-Sociology stream

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4

	TREN 4F90 and 4F91, or SOCI 4F90, SOCI 4P01 and one-half SOCI credit
	SOCI 4F91 or one credit from SOCI 3P99, 4P10, 4P11, 4P15, 4P16
	one SOCI credit
	one-half SOCI credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	one-half elective credit

Tourism Administration Honours Program

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4

	TREN 4F80 and one TREN credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above, or TREN 4F90 and 4F91
	TREN 4P10 and 4P13
	one TREN or RECL credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	one elective credit

Tourism Planning and Development Honours Program

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4

	TREN 4F80 and one TREN credit numbered 2(alpha) 90 above, or TREN 4F90 and 4F91
	TREN 4P10 and 4P13
	one TREN or RECL credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	one elective credit

BA with Major Program

Year 1

	TREN 1F90
	one Humanities context credit
	one Science context credit
	two elective credits (see program note 2)

Year 2

	TREN 2P10, 2P11, 2P12, 2P13, 2P14, 2P16 and 2P26
	one of TREN 2P28, 2P41, ECON 2P65
	one elective credit

Year 3

	TREN 3P10, 3P11, 3P14, 3P19, 3P20 and 3P23
	one TREN credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above
	one elective credit (see program note 3)

Year 4

	TREN 4P10, 4P14 and 4P15
	two TREN credits numbered 2(alpha)90 or above
	one and one-half elective credits (see program note 11)

Bachelor of Tourism Studies with Major Tourism Administration

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4

	TREN 4P10, 4P13 and RECL 4F15
	one TREN credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	two elective credits (see program note 9)

Bachelor of Tourism Studies with Major Tourism Planning and Development

Year 3

Year 3 is now closed

Year 4

	TREN 4P10, 4P13 and RECL 4F15
	one TREN credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
	two elective credits (see program note 9)

Certificate in Environment

The Certificate in Environment provides focussed training for those who already hold a degree, or have equivalent professional experience. Prospective students should consult with the Chair before beginning the certificate program.

The MATH/COSC requirement will be waived if equivalent courses have already been taken. Courses cannot be counted twice; therefore no TREN course can count for both a degree and a certificate.

See "Certificate Requirements" under Academic Regulations.

The Certificate is awarded upon completion of the following credits with a minimum 60 percent overall average:

Four TREN credits numbered 2(alpha)90 or above (chosen in consultation with the Chair)

MATH 1P98

one-half COSC credit

Minor Program

Minor in Environmental Studies

Students in other disciplines may obtain a Minor in Environmental Studies by successfully completing the following courses with a minimum of 60 percent overall average:

	TREN 1F90, 2P28, 3P19 and 3P22
	one and one-half TREN credits numbered 2(alpha)00 or above

Minor in Tourism Studies

Students in other disciplines can obtain a Minor in Tourism Studies within their degree program by completing the following courses with a minimum 60 percent overall average:

	TREN 1F90 and 3P11
	two credits from TREN 2P10, 2P26, 3P10, 3P12, 3P13, 3P16, 3P17, 3P65, 3P70, 3P71, 3P92, 3P93
	TREN 2P11 or 2P12
	one of TREN 4P10, 4P11, 4P12, 4P13, 4P15

Description of Courses

Note that not all courses are offered in every session. Refer to the applicable term timetable for details.

# Indicates a cross listed course

* Indicates primary offering of a cross listed course

Prerequisites and Restrictions

Students must check to ensure that prerequisites are met. Students may be deregistered, at the request of the instructor, from any course for which prerequisites and/or restrictions have not been met.

TREN 1F90

Sustainability, Environment and Tourism

Definitions, principles, policies and value assumptions of sustainability. Energy, materials and information flows. Key components of built and natural environmental systems, and our ability to influence them. Implications of consumption and production of human activity including tourism, from local to global scales and the resulting environmental, economic, socio-cultural and political impacts. Policy options, problem solving, possibilities for creative social action and planned change. Case studies of principles of sustainability applied to tourism and other examples.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 1P90 and ENVI 1P91 and TOUR (RECL) 1P98.

TREN 2P10

Culture, Heritage and Tourism

Principles of preservation, conservation, and management of built and cultural resources for heritage tourism destinations on a variety of scales from World Heritage Sites to local heritage and cultural tourism attractions. Regional identities and environments and the importance of small and medium sized enterprises.

Lectures, seminar 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR 3P68.

TREN 2P11

Sustainable Business Operation in Tourism

Structure, operating characteristics and sustainability management practices of different sectors of the tourism industry (entertainment and recreation, accommodation, food and beverage, transportation, travel services).

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of the instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR (RECL) 2P18 and TOUR (RECL) 3P38.

TREN 2P12

Tourist Behaviour

Socio-cultural dimensions of tourists and tourists' behaviours during the process of taking a holiday. Issues of motivation, social role, and attitudes in tourist settings. Ethical and delinquent behaviours, host and guest relationships, typology of tourists, and decision-making processes.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.

Prerequisite: TREN1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of the instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR 2P28.

TREN 2P13

Introduction to Research Methods in Tourism and the Environment

Principles of research design, data collection and analysis in the context of research in tourism and environment.

Lectures, seminar/lab, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of the instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR (RECL/PEKN/SPMA) 2P07.

TREN 2P14

Institutional Arrangements in Tourism and Environment

Systems of decision making in tourism and the environment. Institutional models and solutions. Analysis of Canadian, provincial, and regional case studies.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of the instructor.

TREN 2P16

Human-Dominated Ecosystems

Human impacts in natural and built ecosystems from local to global scales. Key environmental issues and the principles and policies that affect them emphasizing policy options, problem solving, and possibilities for creative planned change.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of the instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 1P91.

TREN 2P26

Nature-based Tourism

Emergence and global importance of different forms of nature based tourism emphasizing non-consumptive (ecotourism) and consumptive (fishing) forms.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98).

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in RECL(TOUR) 3P66.

#TREN 2P28

Economics of the Environment

(also offered as ECON 2P28)

Economic perspectives on environmental and natural resource issues. Topics may include valuing environment improvements, population growth issues, sustainable development, forestry and fishery management, ozone depletion and climate change.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: students must have a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 2P28.

#TREN 2P41

Economics of Tourism and Leisure Activities

(also offered as ECON 2P41)

Introduction to the economic analysis of the tourism industry. Determinants of the demand and supply for tourism and recreation; impact of tourism, recreation and leisure on regional and national economies. Topics may include ecotourism and the impact of government policies on tourism and recreation.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TOUR and TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 4.0 overall credits. Not open to ECON (single or combined) majors, BBE, INPE, ECON minor, or ENEC students.

Note: major credit will not be granted to BBE, ECON, ENEC or INPE majors.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in RECL (TOUR) 2P41.

TREN 3F70

Field Course

Intensive field course with relevance to Tourism and Environment.

Restriction: permission of the instructor.

Note: consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to cover all their own expenses.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 3F70.

*TREN 3F94

International Field Course

(also offered as INTC 3F94)

Intensive field course in another country, with relevance to Tourism and Environment.

Restriction: permission of the instructor.

Note: consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to cover all their own expenses.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 3F70, 3F94 and INTL 3F94.

TREN 3P10

Tourism Planning and Development

Planning and development of tourism resorts, attractions, tourism sites and regional economies through tourism; consideration of regional, provincial and national developments.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR (RECL) 3P18.

*TREN 3P11

International Tourism

(also offered as INTC 3P11)

Changes in power relations, environment, society, culture and economy through the globalization of tourism. Human rights and inequality in international tourism.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, INTC (INTL) 1F90, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR (RECL) 3P78 and INTL 3P11.

TREN 3P12

Functional Management for Sustainable Tourism

Introduction to fundamental concepts, principles and practices of functional management as applied to the tourism industry (strategic management, operations management, marketing management, financial management, human resource management). Contribution of different functions to the development of sustainable tourism.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 2P11 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P13

Tourist Destination Branding

Creation of destination images and branding issues, related issues of IT and distribution channels for tourism products.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 2P11 or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR (RECL) 3P28.

TREN 3P14

Sustainable Integrated Waste Management

Waste reduction, reuse and recycling; environmentally sensible design. Waste auditing, optimal materials use and life cycle analysis. Sewage treatment technologies. Composting for managing organic waste and sewage. Tourism and waste management on land, on the water and in the air; managing wastes in remote and environmentally sensitive areas, camps and resorts. Policy, legislation and case studies.

Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 2P93.

TREN 3P15

Environmental Management

Contextual background and perspectives for managing the environment and natural resources. Examination of associated theories and principles. Applied considerations (assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation/monitoring) gained through development of a management plan.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90, or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P16

Tourism and Aquatic Ecosystems

History and current issues of tourism related to aquatic environments. Functioning of aquatic ecosystems and their management. Case-study based analysis of theory and critical aspects of operations.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR (RECL) 3P48.

TREN 3P17

Strategic Program Planning in Ecotourism

Intersection of theory and practice for the policy and planning of sustainable ecotourism programs.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

Note: field trip during the second week of class. Field trip fee.

TREN 3P18

Sustainable Transportation

Interdisciplinary survey of the environmental, cultural, social and economic effects of automobiles, airplanes, trains and watercraft in built and natural environments. Impacts of tourist mobility. Principles, policies, and planning for sustainable transportation.

Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P19

Ethics, Equity and Environmental Thought

Meaning of terms and distinctions in ethical theory as they apply to environmental issues. Background theory on equity, and case studies illustrating its place in developing sustainable approaches to environmental issues. Introduction to major ecophilosophies and their contributions, limitations and significance.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 2P91.

TREN 3P20

Biodiversity Conservation

Conservation of species and ecosystems in ecological, social and economic contexts. Co-existence of humans and wild life in parks, reserves, zoos and productive landscapes.

Lectures, seminar, field work, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR (ENVI) 2P42.

*TREN 3P21

Global Conventions on Environment and Development

(also offered as INTC 3P21)

Attempts of the global community to set policy through processes such as the World Conservation Strategy, the Brundtland Commission, Agenda 21 and the Commission on Sustainable Development.

Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98), INTC (INTL) 1F90 or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR (ENVI/INTL) 2P94 and INTL 3P21.

TREN 3P22

Ecosystem-Based Planning

Principles of ecosystem-based planning of human settlements and natural infrastructure, using the Niagara region, the Toronto waterfront, and other local and regional examples as case studies. Translation of principles of ecosystem-based planning into practice. The role of governments, agencies, ministries, academic institutions, NGOs and private citizens in facilitating ecosystem-based planning. Current initiatives and future prospects for ecosystem-based planning. Inventory of natural, social, cultural, historical and economic resources and the development of practical, implementable policy plans for significant local landscape features.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 3P95.

TREN 3P23

Research Design

Research on focussed issues or tasks emphasizing problem definition, establishment of terms of reference, report preparation, communication, and formal presentation.

Seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) 2P13 or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR (RECL/PEKN/SPMA) 3Q07 and 3Q17.

TREN 3P25

Global Issues in Tourism and the Environment

Interaction of tourism mobility and the environment with the politics of nation states and regions. Political economy of tourism, implications of foreign policy, travel restrictions, borders and barriers to the movement of people, resources and trade.

Lectures 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

*TREN 3P49

Gender and Environment

(also offered as WISE 3P49)

Theoretical perspectives on feminism and eco-philosophies such as eco-feminism, deep ecology and social ecology. Implications for local, national and global policy.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN, ENVI, TOUR, WISE majors, minors and ENVI certificate students until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: one of TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98), WISE 2P90, 2P91 or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR (ENVI) 3P49.

#TREN 3P65

Geography of Rural Development and Tourism

(also offered as GEOG 3P65)

Overview of tourism as it intersects with rural development theory, processes and planning. Examination of various social, environmental, cultural and economic problems, consequences and opportunities of tourism in a rural development context. Incorporates examples of rural festivals, wineries and agri-tourism as means to understand appropriate rural tourism development.

Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN, GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98), GEOG 1F90 or permission of the instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR 3P65 and GEOG (TOUR) 3V60.

#TREN 3P66

Environmental Policy, Law, and Administration

(also offered as POLI 3P66)

Development of the issue of pollution, including perceptions of the problem of different actors, public participation, governmental reactions and legislation, the implementation of potential solutions and international cooperation. Topics may include toxic wastes, acid rain, energy, the Great Lakes, risk assessment and ideologies.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Prerequisite: one POLI credit numbered 1(alpha)90 to 1(alpha)99 or permission of the instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 3P66.

*TREN 3P70

International Field Course

(also offered as INTC 3P70)

Intensive field course in another country of relevance to Tourism and Environment.

Restriction: permission of the instructor.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98), INTC (INTL) 1F90 (1P95) or permission of the Chair.

Note: consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to cover all their own expenses.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 3P70 and INTL 3P70.

TREN 3P71

Field Course

Intensive field course of relevance to Tourism and Environment.

Restriction: open to students who hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of the instructor.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98).

Note: Consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to cover all their own expenses.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 3P92 and TOUR 3P88.

TREN 3P90

Directed Studies I

Topics and readings to be chosen in consultation with a faculty member who is willing to supervise the student.

Restriction: open to TREN majors who hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of Chair.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 3P90.

TREN 3P91

Directed Studies II

Topics and readings to be chosen in consultation with a faculty member who is willing to supervise the student.

Restriction: open to TREN majors who hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of Chair.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 3P91.

TREN 3P92

Environment I

Explores one topic in the field of Tourism and Environment

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors who hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of Chair.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P93

Environment II

Explores one topic in the field of Tourism and Environment

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors who hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of Chair.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91, RECL 1P98 or TOUR 1P98) or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P94

Sustainability and Complex Adaptive Systems

Consideration of sustainable development from complex systems theory. How individuals and societies respond to complexity and uncertainty. Examination and application of social-ecological systems concepts and approaches in pursuing resilience.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P95

Managerial Decision Making for Sustainable Tourism

Introduction to theories, concepts and tools of decision making in pursuit of organizational objectives. Analysis of decision making process, determinants of successful decisions and roles of uncertainty, risk, power and conflict. The concepts and methods are illustrated with cases from tourism industry focusing on the challenges of implementing principles of sustainability.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 4F80

Honours Group Research Project

Original group research project under faculty supervision.

Restriction: open to TREN majors with approval to year 4 (honours) or permission of the Chair.

Prerequisite: TREN 3P23 or permission of the instructor.

Note: consult the Chair prior to registration. Students may not register concurrently with TREN 4F90 or 4F92.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR 4F17.

TREN 4F90

Honours Thesis

Original Research project under faculty supervision.

Restriction: open to TREN, ENVI (BA) and TOUR majors with a minimum 80 percent major average and approval to year 4 (honours) or permission of the Chair.

Prerequisite: TREN 3P23 or permission of the instructor.

Co-requisite: TREN 4F91.

Note: scheduled tutorials and class meetings are held throughout the year. An oral defence of the final report may be required. Consult the Chair prior to registration.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 4F90 and TOUR 4F17.

TREN 4F91

Literature Research and Seminar

Detailed study of the literature relevant to the topic of the honours thesis, under faculty supervision.

Restriction: open to TREN, ENVI and TOUR majors with a minimum 80 percent major average and approval to year 4 (honours) or permission of the Chair.

Prerequisite: TREN 3P23 or permission of the instructor.

Co-requisite: 4F90 or 4F92.

Note: scheduled tutorials and class meetings are held throughout the year. An oral defence of the final report may be required. Consult the Chair prior to registration.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 4F91 and TOUR 4F17.

TREN 4F92

Honours Thesis

Original Research project under faculty supervision.

Restriction: open to ENVI (BSc) majors with a minimum 80 percent major average and approval to year 4 (honours) or permission of the Chair.

Prerequisite: TREN 3P23 or permission of the instructor.

Co-requisite: TREN 4F91.

Note: scheduled tutorials and class meetings are held throughout the year. An oral defence of the final report may be required. Consult the Chair prior to registration.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 4F92.

TREN 4P10

Themes in Tourism Development

Historical, contemporary and future themes in tourism and development theory. Implications of selecting tourism as a development strategy under various tourism development paradigms.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 12.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 3P11 or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR 4P18.

*TREN 4P11

Cross-Cultural Perspectives of Tourism and Environment

(also offered as INTC 4P11)

Cultural differences in philosophy and approaches to the natural and social environments, tourism resources, natural resources, environmental policies and management.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors and INTL minors with a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in INTL 4P11.

TREN 4P12

Tourism, Sex and Health

Relationship between tourist's behaviours and health issues. Sex tourism paradigms, infectious disease, migration of disease associated with tourism.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.

TREN 4P13

Sustainable Destination Management and Issues

Tourism destination management concepts through the use of case studies. Theories, principles and implications of clustering, partnerships, strategic alliances and innovation between various destination stakeholders.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors with minimum of 12.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 3P12, 3P13 or permission of the instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR 4P38.

TREN 4P14

Issues in Environmental Studies

Exploration of contemporary topics in environmental studies.

Seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 12 .0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.

TREN 4P15

Tourism Ethics

Exploration of values and moral development relating to tourism.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TOUR (RECL) 3P96.

TREN 4P16

Great Works in Environmentalism

Systematic breakdown of major works in the development of environmentalism, and the implications for the present day.

Lectures, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 12.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 3P11 or permission of instructor.

TREN 4P17

Sustainable Agriculture and Tourism

Critical analysis of definitions of policies for and approaches to agriculture and agritourism in terms of sustainability principles.

Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 12.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 3P11 or permission of instructor.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 3P03 and 3V31.

TREN 4P18

Quantitative Ecosystem Analysis

Computer modeling and other numerical techniques for exploring human impacts on ecosystems and for developing feasible policy and management options for the future.

Seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors with minimum of 12 .0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: TREN 3P23 or permission of the instructor.

TREN 4P19

Environmental Heritage

Identification, inventory, interpretation and conservation of natural and built environmental heritage features with a focus on the Niagara Region. Significant natural landscapes and habitats; important residential, commercial, institutional, agricultural and industrial architecture and infrastructure; parks, trails and greenways; transportation heritage. Role of environmental heritage in tourism and education.

Lectures, tutorials, project workshops, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.

Note: scheduled tutorials and class meetings are held throughout the term. This course involves independent field work for the production of an online interpretive report on a significant environmental heritage feature in the Niagara Region.

#TREN 4P50

Themes in Intercultural Studies

(also offered as INTC 4P50)

Seminar discussion and development of individual research papers on an intercultural studies theme as reflected in each student's major area.

Seminar, 3 hours per week.

Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits.

Prerequisite: INTC (INTL) 1F90 or permission of the Director.

Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN (ENVI/INTL/TOUR) 4P21.