2014-2015 Undergraduate Calendar-Tourism Management

Last updated: March 3, 2015 @ 10:20AM

Tourism Management

Chair
Anthony J. Ward

Professors
David A. Fennell, Ryan Plummer

Associate Professors
David T. Brown, Danuta de Grosbois, Atsuko Hashimoto, David J. Telfer, Anthony J. Ward

Director, Co-operative Programs
Cindy Dunne

Academic Adviser
Jeanette Ramsay

General Information

Administrative Assistant
Barb Alexander

905-688-5550, extension 3292
Mackenzie Chown C418
brocku.ca/tren

The Department of Tourism and Environment offers a four-year program leading to a Bachelor of Arts in Tourism and Environment (Honours BA and BA with Major) and a three year BA Pass degree program. All Students in Tourism and Environment can pursue a Stream in Tourism Management. The requirement for graduation with a BA (Honours) is a minimum 70 percent major average and a minimum 60 percent non-major average. The requirement for graduation with a BA with Major and a BA Pass is a minimum 60 percent major average and a minimum 60 percent overall average.

Brock University is uniquely positioned on the Niagara Escarpment (a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve) and minutes away from Niagara Falls, one of the premier international tourism destinations in the world. The Department of Tourism and Environment strives to foster knowledge of sustainability (environmental, social, economic and political) in tourism and management. Students will be prepared for tourism management career opportunities in a variety of tourism and hospitality businesses, public, commercial and non-profit organizations. Students will develop transferrable skills in many areas of their future lives. They learn the fundamental and more advanced research skills, as well as skills in oral and written expression. They expand their critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and abilities to work collaboratively with others. They will also learn to incorporate innovative, creative and responsible opinions and perspectives into their future endeavours.

Co-op Program
The Tourism Management stream Co-op program combines academic and work terms over a four year period. Students spend the first two years in an academic setting where their exposure to courses in the area of Tourism Management provides the necessary background for the first work placement. In addition to the current fees for courses in academic study terms, Tourism Management stream Co-op students are assessed an annual administration fee (see the Schedule of Fees).

Eligibility to continue in the Co-op program is based on the student’s major average and non-major average. A student with a minimum 70 percent major average and a minimum 60 percent non-major average will be permitted to continue. A student with a major average lower than 70 percent will not be permitted to continue in the Tourism Management stream Co-op program, but may continue in the BA Tourism Management stream non-Co-op program. For further information, see the Co-op programs section of the Calendar and contact the Department of Tourism and Environment.

All students in the Co-operative Education program are required to read, sign and adhere to the terms of the Student Regulations Waiver and Co-op Student Handbook (brocku.ca/co-op/current-students/co-op-student-handbooks) as articulated by the Co-op Programs Office. In addition, eligibility to continue in the Co-op option is based on the student’s major average and non-major average, and the ability to demonstrate the motivation and potential to pursue a professional career.

Each four-month co-operative education work term must be registered. Once students are registered in a Co-op work term, they are expected to fulfill their commitment. If the placement accepted is for more than one four-month work term, students are committed to complete all terms. Students may not withdraw from or terminate a work term without permission from the Director, Co-op Program Office.

The Tourism Management stream Co-op program designation will be awarded to those students who have successfully completed a minimum of twelve months of Co-op work experience.

It is the responsibility of Tourism and Environment students to adhere to Brock University's Code of Student Conduct.

Program Notes

A minimum grade of 60 percent in TREN 1P91 and 1P92 is required to continue as a major.
Students must take one Humanities context credit and one Sciences context to satisfy context requirements no later than the end of year 3.
If field courses are taken as electives, a maximum of 1.5 credits may be taken from TREN 3F70, 3F94, 3P70, 3P71.
Students pursuing an Honours program must complete TREN 3P23. Students pursuing a Pass degree may substitute a 0.5 TREN credit for this requirement.
ENTR 3P92, ENTR 3P93, ENTR 3P94, MKTG 2P52 and OBHR 2P52 are recommended.
TREN 4F90 is restricted to students with a minimum 80 percent (single or combined) major average or permission of Chair.
Students in the Tourism Management stream with a minimum of 13.5 overall credits may apply to enroll in RECL 4F15. Permission of the instructor, on an individual basis, is required prior to registration.
In 20 credit degree programs a maximum of eight credits may be numbered 1(alpha)00 to 1(alpha)99; at least three credits must be numbered 2(alpha)90 or above; at least three credits must be numbered 3(alpha)90 or above; and the remaining credits must be numbered 2(alpha)00 or above.
In 15 credit degree programs a maximum of eight credits may be numbered 1(alpha)00 to 1(alpha)99; at least three credits must be numbered 2(alpha)90 or above; and the remaining credits must be numbered 2(alpha)00 or above.
In some circumstances, in order to meet university degree and program requirements, more than 20 credits may be taken.

Honours Program

Tourism and Environment

Year 1

·	TREN 1P91 and 1P92 (see program note 1)
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Sciences context credit
·	two elective credits (see program note 2)

Year 2

·	TREN 2P13
·	three TREN credits numbered 2(alpha)00 or above (see program note 8)
·	one non-TREN elective credit
·	one-half elective credit

Year 3

·	TREN 3P23 (see program note 4)
·	three credits TREN credits numbered 2(alpha)90 or above (see program notes 3 and 8)
·	one and one-half non-TREN credits (see program note 3 and 8)

Year 4

·	One of TREN 4F80, 4F90, one TREN credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above (see program note 6)
·	two TREN credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	two non-TREN elective credits

Tourism Management Stream

Combining courses from various areas provides a broad background with a specialization in Tourism Management

Year 1

·	TREN 1P91 and 1P92 (see program note 1)
·	one of ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	three and one-half elective credits (see program note 2)

Year 2

·	TREN 2P12 and 2P13
·	two credits from TREN 2P10, 2P26, 2P41, 2P93, 2P94 (see program note 5)
·	one credit from ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	one non-TREN elective credit

Year 3

·	TREN 3P19 and 3P23 (see program note 4)
·	two credits from TREN 3P10, 3P11, 3P17, 3P18, 3P25, 3P90
·	one of ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	one and one-half elective credits (see program note 3 and 5)

Year 4

·	One of TREN 4F80, 4F90, one TREN credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above (see program note 6)
·	TREN 4P91 or 4P95
·	one and one-half TREN credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	two non-TREN elective credits (see program notes 5 and 7)

Tourism Management Stream Co-op (Honours only)

Students admitted to the Co-op program must follow an approved program pattern. The most common pattern is listed below. For other approved programs consult the Co-op office.

Year 1

·	TREN 1P91 and 1P92 (see program note 1)
·	one of ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	three and one-half elective credits (see program note 2)

Year 2

·	TREN 0N90, 2P12 and 2P13
·	two credits from TREN 2P10, 2P26, 2P41, 2P93, 2P94 (see program note 5)
·	one credit from ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	one non-TREN elective credit

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	TREN 0N01 and 2C01

Year 3

·	TREN 3P19 and 3P23 (see program note 4)
·	two credits from TREN 3P10, 3P11, 3P17, 3P18, 3P25, 3P90
·	one of ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	one and one-half elective credits (see program notes 3 and 5)

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	TREN 0N02 and 2C02

Year 4

·	One of TREN 4F80, 4F90, one TREN credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above (see program note 6)
·	TREN 4P91 or 4P95
·	one and one-half TREN credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	two non- TREN elective credits (see program notes 5 and 7)

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	TREN 0N03 and 2C03

BA with Major Program

Tourism and Environment

Year 1

·	TREN 1P91 and 1P92 (see program note 1)
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Science context credit
·	two elective credits (see program note 2)

Year 2

·	TREN 2P13
·	three TREN credits numbered 2(alpha)00 or above (see program note 8)
·	one non-TREN elective credit
·	one-half elective credit

Year 3

·	Three TREN credits numbered 2(alpha)90 or above (see program notes 3 and 8)
·	two elective credits (see program notes 3 and 8)

Year 4

·	One and one-half TREN credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	one TREN credit (see program note 8)
·	two and one-half non-TREN elective credits (see program note 8)

Tourism Management Stream

Year 1

·	TREN 1P91 and 1P92 (see program note 1)
·	one of ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	three and one-half elective credits (see program note 2)

Year 2

·	TREN 2P12 and 2P13
·	two credits from TREN 2P10, 2P26, 2P41, 2P92, 2P93, 2P94 (see program note 5)
·	one credit from ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	one non-TREN elective credit

Year 3

·	TREN 3P19
·	one and one-half credits from TREN 3P10, 3P11, 3P17, 3P18, 3P25, 3P90
·	one TREN credit (see program notes 3 and 5)
·	one of ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	one and one-half elective credits (see program note 5)

Year 4

·	TREN 4P91 or 4P95
·	two and one-half TREN credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	two non-TREN elective credits (see program notes 5 and 7)

Pass Program

Tourism and Environment

Satisfactory completion of the first three years of the Honours program entitles a student to apply for a Pass degree.

Tourism Management Stream

Year 1

·	TREN 1P91 and 1P92 (see program note 1)
·	one of ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	three and one-half elective credits (see program note 2)

Year 2

·	TREN 2P12 and 2P13
·	two credits from TREN 2P10, 2P26, 2P41, 2P92, 2P93, 2P94 (see program note 5)
·	one credit from ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	one non-TREN elective credit

Year 3

·	TREN 3P10 or TREN 3P25
·	one credit from TREN 3P11, 3P17, 3P18
·	TREN 3P19
·	one TREN credit (see program notes 3 and 5)
·	one of ENTR 2P51, ITIS 2P51, MKTG 2P51, OBHR 2P51
·	one and one-half elective credits (see program note 5)

Minor in Tourism Studies

Students in other disciplines can obtain a Minor in Tourism Studies within their degree program by completing the following courses with a minimum 60 percent overall average:

·	TREN 1P91 and 1P92
·	three credits from TREN 2P10, 2P12, 2P26, 2P93, 2P94, 3P10, 3P11, 3P17, 3P18, 3P19, 3P25, 3P97, 4P11, 4P12, 4P15, 4P17, 4P90, 4P91, 4P95

Description of Courses

Note that not all courses are offered in every session. Refer to the applicable term timetable for details.

# Indicates a cross listed course
* Indicates primary offering of a cross listed course

Prerequisites and Restrictions

Students must check to ensure that prerequisites are met. Students may be deregistered, at the request of the instructor, from any course for which prerequisites and/or restrictions have not been met.

TOURISM AND ENVIRONMENT COURSES

TREN 1P91
Introduction to Tourism Management
Understanding the socio-cultural, environmental and economic impact of tourism and sustainable management practices.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN 1F90.

TREN 1P92
Understanding the Tourism Industry Sectors
Understanding of the structure, nature and operating characteristics of the tourism industry sectors in the context of the principles of sustainability.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN 1F90 and 2P11.

TREN 2P10
Culture, Heritage and Tourism
Principles of preservation, conservation, and management of built and cultural resources for heritage tourism destinations on a variety of scales from World Heritage Sites to local heritage and cultural tourism attractions. Regional identities and environments and the importance of small and medium sized enterprises.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

TREN 2P12
Tourist Behaviour
Socio-cultural dimensions of tourists and tourists' behaviours during the process of taking a holiday. Issues of motivation, social role, and attitudes in tourist settings. Ethical and delinquent behaviours, host and guest relationships, typology of tourists, and decision-making processes.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 4.0 credits overall.

TREN 2P13
Research Methods and Application in Tourism
Introduction to the process of conducting and evaluating research in the field of tourism.
Lectures 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

TREN 2P14
Institutional Arrangements in Tourism and Environment
Systems of decision making in tourism and the environment. Institutional models and solutions. Analysis of Canadian, provincial, and regional case studies.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

TREN 2P26
Nature-based Tourism
Emergence and global importance of different forms of nature based tourism emphasizing non-consumptive (ecotourism) and consumptive (fishing) forms.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

TREN 2P28
Economics of the Environment
(also offered as ECON 2P28)
Economic perspectives on environmental and natural resource issues. Topics may include valuing environment improvements, population growth issues, sustainable development, forestry and fishery management, ozone depletion and climate change.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

TREN 2P29
Sustainable Development
(also offered as ECON 2P29)
Aspects of sustainable development. Topics may include energy, transportation and climate, water availability, trade and globalization, agriculture and food availability, boundary and governance issues, cities and population growth, and resource depletion.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to students with a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

TREN 2P41
Economics of Tourism and Leisure Activities
(also offered as ECON 2P41)
Introduction to the economic analysis of the tourism industry. Determinants of the demand and supply for tourism and recreation; impact of tourism, recreation and leisure on regional and national economies. Topics may include ecotourism and the impact of government policies on tourism and recreation.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 4.0 overall credits. Not open to BBE, ECON (single or combined), ECAN, INPE majors and ECON minors.
Note: major credit will not be granted to BBE, ECON and INPE majors.

TREN 2P93
Sustainable Integrated Waste Management
Waste reduction, reuse and recycling; environmentally sensible design. Waste auditing, optimal materials use and life cycle analysis. Sewage treatment technologies. Composting for managing organic waste and sewage. Tourism and waste management on land, on the water and in the air; managing wastes in remote and environmentally sensitive areas, camps and resorts. Policy, legislation and case studies.
Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN 3P14.

TREN 2P94
Human-Dominated Ecosystems
Human impacts in natural and built ecosystems from local to global scales. Key environmental issues, principles, policy options, problem solving and possibilities for creative planned change. Local examples from the Greenbelt and Niagara.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week for part of term.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of the instructor.
Note: the majority of classroom lectures will be replaced by 3-4 full-day field programs within the Niagara Region on Saturdays and Sundays in September and October (final scheduling details to be determined in consultation with class members). Students are expected to pay their own expenses.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN 2P16.

TREN 3F70
Field Course
Intensive field course with relevance to Tourism and Environment.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.
Note: consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to pay their own expenses.

TREN 3F94
International Field Course
(also offered as GEOG 3F94 and INTC 3F94)
Intensive field course in another country, with relevance to Tourism and Environment.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.
Note: consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to pay their own expenses.

TREN 3P10
Tourism Planning and Development
Planning and development of tourism resorts, attractions, tourism sites and regional economies through tourism; consideration of regional, provincial and national developments.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

TREN 3P11
International Tourism
(also offered as INTC 3P11)
Changes in power relations, environment, society, culture and economy through the globalization of tourism. Human rights and inequality in international tourism.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

TREN 3P15
Environmental Management
Contextual background and perspectives for managing the environment and natural resources. Examination of associated theories and principles. Applied considerations (assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation/monitoring) gained through development of a management plan.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

TREN 3P17
Strategic Program Planning in Ecotourism
Intersection of theory and practice for the policy and planning of sustainable ecotourism programs.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.
Note: field trip during the second week of class. Field trip fee.

TREN 3P18
Sustainable Transportation
(also offered as GEOG 3P18)
Interdisciplinary survey of the environmental, cultural, social and economic effects of automobiles, airplanes, trains and watercraft in built and natural environments. Impacts of tourist mobility. Principles, policies, and planning for sustainable transportation.
Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

TREN 3P19
Corporate Social Responsibility in Tourism Business
Theory and practice of corporate social responsibility including principles, implementation and evaluations in tourism businesses.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

TREN 3P23
Research Design
Research on focused issues or tasks emphasizing problem definition, establishment of terms of reference, report preparation, communication and formal presentation.
Seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 2P13 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P25
Global Issues in Tourism and the Environment
(also offered as INTC 3P25)
Interaction of tourism mobility and the environment with the politics of nation states and regions. Political economy of tourism, implications of foreign policy, travel restrictions, borders and barriers to the movement of people, resources and trade.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

TREN 3P70
International Field Course
(also offered as INTC 3P70)
Intensive field course in another country of relevance to Tourism and Environment.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.
Note: consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to pay their own expenses.

TREN 3P71
Field Course
Intensive field course of relevance to Tourism and Environment.
Restriction: open to students who hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of the instructor.
Note: consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to pay their own expenses.

TREN 3P86
Themes in Cultural Geography
(also offered as GEOG 3P86)
Geographies of culture and cultural politics emphasizing heritage issues focusing on ways in which the relation of power becomes manifest in material and symbolic landscapes.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN, GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. After that date open to TREN, GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior), GHUM, SOSC majors and GEOG minors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite(s): one of TREN 2P10, GEOG 2P01, 2P03, 2P06 or permission of the instructor.

TREN 3P90
Directed Studies I
Topics and readings to be chosen in consultation with a faculty member who is willing to supervise the student.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of Chair.

TREN 3P91
Directed Studies II
Topics and readings to be chosen in consultation with a faculty member who is willing to supervise the student.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of Chair.

TREN 3P96
Tourism, Animals and Ethics
Historical and contemporary use of animals in the tourism industry, animal ethics theories, and the implications for industry and continued research.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN 3P93 (taken in 2011).

TREN 3P97
Culinary Tourism
Exploration of culinary tourism through culture, history, food and wine, festivals, regional identity and sustainable development and consumption of places. Creation of a culinary tourism product and marketing strategies.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN 3P93 (taken in 2012).

TREN 3P98
Niagara's Changing Economic Geography
(also offered as GEOG 3P98)
Changes in Niagara's industries and occupations, international trade and specialization, circular and cumulative causation, agglomeration and the contemporary world economy, regional growth machines, economic restructuring and income inequality, deindustrialization, agricultural decline, tourism, structural unemployment, brain drain, and transition to cognitive-cultural economy.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN (single or combined), GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. After that date open to TREN (single or combined), GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior), GHUM, SOSC majors and GEOG minors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite(s): one of TREN 2P13, 2P41, GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 2P03 or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG (LABR) 3P47 and 3P93.

TREN 3V90-3V95
Selected Topics in Tourism and Environment
Issues in Tourism and Environment.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.

TREN 4F80
Honours Group Research Project
Original group research project under faculty supervision.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with approval to year 4 (honours) or permission of the Chair.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 3P23 or permission of the instructor.
Note: consult the Chair prior to registration. Students may not register concurrently with TREN 4F90

TREN 4F90
Honours Thesis
Original Research project under faculty supervision.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum 80 percent major average and approval to year 4 (honours) or permission of the Chair.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 3P23 or permission of the instructor.
Note: an oral defence of the final report may be required. Consult the Chair prior to registration.

TREN 4P11
Cross-Cultural Perspectives of Tourism and Environment
(also offered as INTC 4P11)
Cultural differences in philosophy and approaches to the natural and social environments, tourism resources, natural resources, environmental policies and management.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.

TREN 4P12
Tourism, Sex and Health
Relations between tourist's behaviours and health issues. Sex tourism paradigms, infectious disease, migration of disease associated with tourism. Human trafficking issues associated with sex tourism.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.

TREN 4P13
Sustainable Destination Management and Issues
Tourism destination management concepts through the use of case studies. Theories, principles and implications of clustering, partnerships, strategic alliances and innovation between various destination stakeholders.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor

TREN 4P14
Issues in Environmental Studies
Exploration of contemporary topics in environmental studies.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12 .0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.

TREN 4P15
Tourism Ethics
Exploration of values and moral development relating to tourism.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.

TREN 4P17
Sustainable Rural Tourism
Agritourism, sustainability and critical evaluation of rural tourism as an alternative community development tool.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.

TREN 4P19
Heritage Interpretation in the Digital Age
Use of digital platforms to identify, inventory, interpret, and conserve Niagara's natural and cultural heritage. Role of environmental heritage in Tourism and education.
Lectures, tutorial, project workshop, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Note: tutorials and class meetings held throughout the term. Independent field work for production of an online interpretive report on environmental heritage features in Niagara.

TREN 4P50
Themes in Intercultural Studies
(also offered as INTC 4P50)
Seminar discussion and development of individual research papers on an intercultural studies theme as reflected in each student's major area.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits.
Prerequisite(s): INTC 1F90 or permission of the Director of Intercultural Studies.

TREN 4P90
Themes in Tourism Development
Historical, contemporary and future themes in tourism and development theory. Implications of selecting tourism as a development strategy under various tourism development paradigms.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN 4P10.

TREN 4P91
Strategic Alliances in Tourism
Key structures and processes required for the successful management and development of co-operative relationships among tourism businesses and other organizations involved in tourism using theoretical concepts and practical case studies.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits.

TREN 4P95
Managerial Decision Making for Sustainable Tourism
Theories, concepts and tools of decision making in pursuit of organizational objectives. Analysis of decision making processes, determinants of successful decisions and roles of uncertainty, risk, power and conflict illustrated with cases from the tourism industry. Focus on challenges of implementing principles of sustainability.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN 3P95.

CO-OP COURSES

TREN 0N01
Work Placement I
First co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to Tourism Management stream Co-op students.

TREN 0N02
Work Placement II
Second co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to Tourism Management stream Co-op students.

TREN 0N03
Work Placement III
Third co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.

TREN 0N90
Co-op Training and Development
Framework for the development of learning objectives by students for individual work terms. Includes orientation to the Co-op experience goal setting, résumé preparation and interview skills preparation.
Lectures, presentation, site visits, 2 hours per week.
Restriction: open to Tourism Management stream Co-op students.

TREN 2C01
Co-op Reflective Learning and Integration I
Provides student with the opportunity to apply what they've learned in their academic studies through career-oriented work experiences at employer sites.
Restriction: open to Tourism Management stream Co-op students.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 0N90.
Corequisite(s): TREN 0N01.
Note: students will be required to prepare learning objectives, participate in a site visit write a work term report and receive a successful work term performance evaluation.

TREN 2C02
Co-op Reflective Learning and Integration II
Provides student with the opportunity to apply what they've learned in their academics studies through career-oriented work experiences at employer sites.
Restriction: open to Tourism Management stream Co-op students.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 0N90.
Corequisite(s): TREN 0N02.
Note: students will be required to prepare learning objectives, participate in a site visit write a work term report and receive a successful work term performance evaluation.

TREN 2C03
Co-op Reflective Learning and Integration III
Provides student with the opportunity to apply what they've learned in their academic studies through career-oriented work experiences at employer sites.
Restriction: open to Tourism Management stream Co-op students.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 0N90.
Corequisite(s): TREN 0N03.
Note: students will be required to prepare learning objectives, participate in a site visit write a work term report and receive a successful work term performance evaluation.