2009-2010 Undergraduate Calendar-Tourism and Environment

Last updated: January 8, 2014 @ 01:30PM

Tourism and Environment

Chair
Anthony J. Ward

Professor Emeritus
Robert C. Hoover

Professor
David A. Fennell

Associate Professors
David T. Brown, Atsuko Hashimoto, Karen L. Krug, John Middleton, Ryan Plummer, David J. Telfer, Anthony J. Ward

Assistant Professor
Danuta de Grosbois

Academic Adviser
Jeanette Ramsay

General Information

Administrative Assistant
Barb Alexander

905-688-5550, extension 3292
Shaver Building, Room 100
http://www.brocku.ca/tren

The Department of Tourism and Environment provides an interdisciplinary approach to studying the environment, tourism, and the human-environment interface. Emphasis is placed on exploring the socio-ecological system at local, national, and international scales. It consolidates the former Centre for the Environment and Tourism Studies program.

The Department of Tourism and Environment strives to foster knowledge of sustainability (environmental, social, economic and political) and the tourism environment. Programs of study are designed for students pursuing careers in tourism administration, environmental management, economic development, or planning in local organizations, multinational corporations or municipal, provincial or national government agencies.

Students are also able to combine the Tourism and Environment Degree with a Minor in Intercultural Studies. Students interested in pursuing the Minor in International Studies are required to follow the prescribed set of courses for the Minor outlined in the Intercultural Studies section of the calendar.

Brock University is uniquely positioned on the Niagara Escarpment (a biosphere reserve) and minutes away from Niagara Falls, one of the premier international tourism destinations in the world.

The Department of Tourism and Environment offers a BA Honours and a BA with Major in Tourism and Environment, both of which are four-year programs. The requirement for graduation with a BA Honours degree in Tourism and Environment is a minimum of 70 percent major average and a minimum of 60 percent non-major average in the remaining credits. The requirement for graduation with a BA in Tourism and Environment is a minimum 60 percent major average and a minimum 60 percent overall average.

Program Notes

A minimum grade of 60 percent in TREN 1F90 is required to continue as a major.
Recommended electives in the first year include at least one of MATH 1P98; MGMT 1P51, 1P52; WRIT 1P93; a language elective.
If field courses are taken as electives, a maximum of 1.5 credits may be taken from TREN 3F70, 3F94, 3P70, 3P71.
In 20 credit degree programs a maximum of eight credits may be numbered 1(alpha)00 to 1(alpha)99; at least three credits must be numbered 2(alpha)90 or above; at least three credits must be numbered 3(alpha)90 or above; and the remaining credits must be numbered 2(alpha)00 or above.

Honours Program

Year 1

·	TREN 1F90 (see program note 1)
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Sciences context credit
·	two elective credits (see program note 2)

Year 2

·	TREN 2P13
·	one credit from TREN 2P10, 2P12, 2P14, 2P91 (see program note 4)
·	one credit from TREN 2P11, 2P28, 2P41
·	one credit from TREN 2P16, 2P26, 2P42, 2P93 (see program note 4)
·	one non-TREN elective credit
·	one-half elective credit

Year 3

·	TREN 3P23
·	one of TREN 3P10, 3P15, 3P16, 3P17, 3P18, 3P22, 3P94
·	one of TREN 3P11, 3P21, 3P25, 3P49
·	one of TREN 3P12, 3P13, 3P95
·	one TREN credit (see program notes 3 and 4)
·	one non-TREN credit
·	one elective credit (see program note 3)

Year 4

·	TREN 4F90 and 4F91
·	one TREN credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	one TREN credit
·	one non-TREN elective credit

BA with Major Program

Year 1

·	TREN 1F90 (see program note 1)
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Sciences context credit
·	two elective credits (see program note 2)

Year 2

·	TREN 2P13
·	one credit from TREN 2P10, 2P12, 2P14, 2P91 (see program note 4)
·	one credit from TREN 2P11, 2P28, 2P41
·	one credit from TREN 2P16, 2P26, 2P42, 2P93 (see program note 4)
·	one non-TREN elective credit
·	one-half elective credit

Year 3

·	One of TREN 3P10, 3P15, 3P16, 3P17, 3P18, 3P22, 3P94
·	one of TREN 3P11, 3P21, 3P25, 3P49
·	one of TREN 3P12, 3P13, 3P95
·	one and one-half TREN credits (see program notes 3 and 4)
·	one non-TREN elective credit
·	one elective credit (see program note 4)

Year 4

·	Three TREN credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	one TREN credit
·	one non-TREN elective credit

Certificate in Environment

The Certificate in Environment provides focused training for those who already hold a degree, or have equivalent professional experience. Prospective students should consult with the Chair before beginning the certificate program.

The MATH/COSC requirement will be waived if equivalent courses have already been taken. Courses cannot be counted twice; therefore no TREN course can count for both a degree and a certificate.

See "Certificate Requirements" under Academic Regulations.

The Certificate is awarded upon completion of the following credits with a minimum 60 percent overall average:

Four TREN credits numbered 2(alpha)90 or above (chosen in consultation with the Chair)
MATH 1P98
one-half COSC credit

Minor Program

Minor in Environmental Studies

Students in other disciplines may obtain a Minor in Environmental Studies by successfully completing the following courses with a minimum of 60 percent overall average:

·	TREN 1F90, 2P28, 3P19 and 3P22
·	one and one-half TREN credits numbered 2(alpha)00 or above

Minor in Tourism Studies

Students in other disciplines can obtain a Minor in Tourism Studies within their degree program by completing the following courses with a minimum 60 percent overall average:

·	TREN 1F90 and 3P11
·	two credits from TREN 2P10, 2P26, 3P10, 3P12, 3P13, 3P16, 3P17, 3P65, 3P70, 3P71, 3P92, 3P93
·	TREN 2P11 or 2P12
·	one of TREN 4P10, 4P11, 4P12, 4P13, 4P15

Description of Courses

Note that not all courses are offered in every session. Refer to the applicable term timetable for details.

# Indicates a cross listed course
* Indicates primary offering of a cross listed course

Prerequisites and Restrictions

Students must check to ensure that prerequisites are met. Students may be deregistered, at the request of the instructor, from any course for which prerequisites and/or restrictions have not been met.
TREN 1F90
Tourism, Sustainability and Environment
Theories, principles, and concepts related to the study of tourism, sustainability and the environment. Key components include tourist demand and motivation, tourism supply, principles of ecology and resource management, impacts of tourism, sustainability imperative, marketing and management of tourism, tourism in lesser developed countries, tourism and climate change, tourism health and safety, ecotourism and alternative tourism, and ethics and responsibility in tourism. Case studies of principles of sustainability applied to tourism.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

TREN 2P10
Culture, Heritage and Tourism
Principles of preservation, conservation, and management of built and cultural resources for heritage tourism destinations on a variety of scales from World Heritage Sites to local heritage and cultural tourism attractions. Regional identities and environments and the importance of small and medium sized enterprises.
Lectures, seminar 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 2P11
Sustainable Business Operation in Tourism
Structure, operating characteristics and sustainability management practices of different sectors of the tourism industry (entertainment and recreation, accommodation, food and beverage, transportation, travel services).
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of the instructor.

TREN 2P12
Tourist Behaviour
Socio-cultural dimensions of tourists and tourists' behaviours during the process of taking a holiday. Issues of motivation, social role, and attitudes in tourist settings. Ethical and delinquent behaviours, host and guest relationships, typology of tourists, and decision-making processes.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite(s): TREN1F90 or permission of the instructor.

TREN 2P13
Introduction to Research Methods in Tourism and Environment
Principles of research design, data collection and analysis in the context of research in tourism and environment.
Lectures, seminar/lab, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of the instructor.

TREN 2P14
Institutional Arrangements in Tourism and Environment
Systems of decision making in tourism and the environment. Institutional models and solutions. Analysis of Canadian, provincial, and regional case studies.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of the instructor.

TREN 2P16
Human-Dominated Ecosystems
Human impacts in natural and built ecosystems from local to global scales. Key environmental issues and the principles and policies that affect them emphasizing policy options, problem solving, and possibilities for creative planned change. Local examples from the Greenbelt and Niagara Escarpment.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of the instructor.

TREN 2P26
Nature-based Tourism
Emergence and global importance of different forms of nature based tourism emphasizing non-consumptive (ecotourism) and consumptive (fishing) forms.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90.

TREN 2P28
Economics of the Environment
(also offered as ECON 2P28)
Economic perspectives on environmental and natural resource issues. Topics may include valuing environment improvements, population growth issues, sustainable development, forestry and fishery management, ozone depletion and climate change.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have a minimum of 4.0 overall credits.

TREN 2P41
Economics of Tourism and Leisure Activities
(also offered as ECON 2P41)
Introduction to the economic analysis of the tourism industry. Determinants of the demand and supply for tourism and recreation; impact of tourism, recreation and leisure on regional and national economies. Topics may include ecotourism and the impact of government policies on tourism and recreation.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 4.0 overall credits. Not open to ECON (single or combined) majors, BBE, INPE, ECON minor.
Note: major credit will not be granted to BBE, ECON students or INPE majors.

TREN 2P42
Biodiversity Conservation
Conservation of species and ecosystems in ecological, social and economic contexts. Co-existence of humans and wild life in parks, Biosphere Reserves such as the Niagara Escarpment, zoos, and productive landscapes such as the Greenbelt.
Lectures, seminar, field work, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN 3P20.

TREN 2P91
Ethics, Equity and Environmental Thought
Meaning of terms and distinctions in ethical theory as they apply to environmental issues. Background theory on equity, and case studies illustrating its place in developing sustainable approaches to environmental issues. Introduction to major ecophilosophies and their contributions, limitations and significance.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN 3P19.

TREN 2P93
Sustainable Integrated Waste Management
Waste reduction, reuse and recycling; environmentally sensible design. Waste auditing, optimal materials use and life cycle analysis. Sewage treatment technologies. Composting for managing organic waste and sewage. Tourism and waste management on land, on the water and in the air; managing wastes in remote and environmentally sensitive areas, camps and resorts. Policy, legislation and case studies.
Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TREN 3P14.

TREN 3F70
Field Course
Intensive field course with relevance to Tourism and Environment.
Restriction: permission of the instructor.
Note: consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to cover all their own expenses.

TREN 3F94
International Field Course
(also offered as INTC 3F94)
Intensive field course in another country, with relevance to Tourism and Environment.
Restriction: permission of the instructor.
Note: consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to cover all their own expenses.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in INTL 3F94.

TREN 3P10
Tourism Planning and Development
Planning and development of tourism resorts, attractions, tourism sites and regional economies through tourism; consideration of regional, provincial and national developments.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P11
International Tourism
(also offered as INTC 3P11)
Changes in power relations, environment, society, culture and economy through the globalization of tourism. Human rights and inequality in international tourism.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors and INTL minors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90, INTC (INTL 1F90) or permission of instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in INTL 3P11.

TREN 3P12
Functional Management for Sustainable Tourism
Role of functional management areas of marketing, human resources, operations and financial management in developing sustainable tourism. Examination of how ethical emphasis of sustainable principles challenges functional management areas.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 2P11 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P13
Tourist Destination Branding
Creation of destination images and branding issues, related issues of IT and distribution channels for tourism products.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P15
Environmental Management
Contextual background and perspectives for managing the environment and natural resources. Examination of associated theories and principles. Applied considerations (assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation/monitoring) gained through development of a management plan.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P16
Tourism and Aquatic Ecosystems
History and current issues of tourism related to aquatic environments. Functioning of aquatic ecosystems and their management. Case-study based analysis of theory and critical aspects of operations.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P17
Strategic Program Planning in Ecotourism
Intersection of theory and practice for the policy and planning of sustainable ecotourism programs.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.
Note: field trip during the second week of class. Field trip fee.

TREN 3P18
Sustainable Transportation
Interdisciplinary survey of the environmental, cultural, social and economic effects of automobiles, airplanes, trains and watercraft in built and natural environments. Impacts of tourist mobility. Principles, policies, and planning for sustainable transportation.
Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P21
Global Conventions on Environment and Development
(also offered as INTC 3P21)
Attempts of the global community to set policy through processes such as the World Conservation Strategy, the Brundtland Commission, Agenda 21 and the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Lectures, seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90, INTC (INTL) 1F90 or permission of instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in INTL 3P21.

TREN 3P22
Ecosystem-Based Planning
Principles of ecosystem-based planning of human settlements and natural infrastructure, using the Niagara region, the Toronto waterfront, the Greenbelt, the Niagara Escarpment, and other local and regional examples as case studies. Translation of principles of ecosystem-based planning into practice. The role of governments, agencies, ministries, academic institutions, NGOs and private citizens in facilitating ecosystem-based planning. Current initiatives and future prospects for ecosystem-based planning. Inventory of natural, social, cultural, historical and economic resources and the development of practical, implementable policy plans for significant local landscape features.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P23
Research Design
Research on focused issues or tasks emphasizing problem definition, establishment of terms of reference, report preparation, communication, and formal presentation.
Seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 2P13 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P25
Global Issues in Tourism and the Environment
Interaction of tourism mobility and the environment with the politics of nation states and regions. Political economy of tourism, implications of foreign policy, travel restrictions, borders and barriers to the movement of people, resources and trade.
Lectures 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P49
Gender and Environment
(also offered as WISE 3P49)
Theoretical perspectives on feminism and eco-philosophies such as eco-feminism, deep ecology and social ecology. Implications for local, national and global policy.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN, WISE majors, minors and certificate students with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.
Prerequisite(s): one of TREN 1F90, WISE 2P90, 2P91 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P65
Geography of Rural Development and Tourism
(also offered as GEOG 3P65)
Overview of tourism as it intersects with rural development theory, processes and planning. Examination of various social, environmental, cultural and economic problems, consequences and opportunities of tourism in a rural development context. Incorporates examples of rural festivals, wineries and agri-tourism as means to understand appropriate rural tourism development.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN, GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90, GEOG 1F90 or permission of the instructor.

TREN 3P66
Environmental Policy, Law, and Administration
(also offered as POLI 3P66)
Development of the issue of pollution, including perceptions of the problem of different actors, public participation, governmental reactions and legislation, the implementation of potential solutions and international cooperation. Topics may include toxic wastes, acid rain, energy, the Great Lakes, risk assessment and ideologies.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite(s): one POLI credit numbered 1(alpha)90 to 1(alpha)99 or permission of the instructor.

TREN 3P70
International Field Course
(also offered as INTC 3P70)
Intensive field course in another country of relevance to Tourism and Environment.
Restriction: permission of the instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90, INTC (INTL) 1F90.
Note: consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to cover all their own expenses.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in INTL 3P70.

TREN 3P71
Field Course
Intensive field course of relevance to Tourism and Environment.
Restriction: open to students who hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of the instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90.
Note: Consult the Department prior to registration. Students are expected to cover all their own expenses.

TREN 3P90
Directed Studies I
Topics and readings to be chosen in consultation with a faculty member who is willing to supervise the student.
Restriction: open to TREN majors who hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of Chair.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P91
Directed Studies II
Topics and readings to be chosen in consultation with a faculty member who is willing to supervise the student.
Restriction: open to TREN majors who hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits and permission of Chair.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P92
Environment I
Explores one topic in the field of Tourism and Environment
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors who hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P93
Environment II
Explores one topic in the field of Tourism and Environment
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors who hold a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P94
Sustainability and Complex Adaptive Systems
Consideration of sustainable development from complex systems theory. How individuals and societies respond to complexity and uncertainty. Examination and application of social-ecological systems concepts and approaches in pursuing resilience.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN, WISE majors, minors and certificate students with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 3P95
Managerial Decision Making for Sustainable Tourism
Introduction to theories, concepts and tools of decision making in pursuit of organizational objectives. Analysis of decision making process, determinants of successful decisions and roles of uncertainty, risk, power and conflict. The concepts and methods are illustrated with cases from tourism industry focusing on the challenges of implementing principles of sustainability.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN, WISE majors, minors and certificate students with a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 1F90 or permission of instructor.

TREN 4F90
Honours Thesis
Original Research project under faculty supervision.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum 80 percent major average and approval to year 4 (honours) or permission of the Chair.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 3P23 or permission of the instructor.
Corequisite(s): TREN 4F91.
Note: scheduled tutorials and class meetings are held throughout the year. An oral defence of the final report may be required. Consult the Chair prior to registration.

TREN 4F91
Literature Research and Seminar
Detailed study of the literature relevant to the topic of the honours thesis, under faculty supervision.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum 80 percent major average and approval to year 4 (honours) or permission of the Chair.
Prerequisite(s): TREN 3P23 or permission of the instructor.
Corequisite(s): 4F90.
Note: scheduled tutorials and class meetings are held throughout the year. An oral defence of the final report may be required. Consult the Chair prior to registration.

TREN 4P10
Themes in Tourism Development
Historical, contemporary and future themes in tourism and development theory. Implications of selecting tourism as a development strategy under various tourism development paradigms.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.

TREN 4P11
Cross-Cultural Perspectives of Tourism and Environment
(also offered as INTC 4P11)
Cultural differences in philosophy and approaches to the natural and social environments, tourism resources, natural resources, environmental policies and management.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors and INTL minors with a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.

TREN 4P12
Tourism, Sex and Health
Relationship between tourist's behaviours and health issues. Sex tourism paradigms, infectious disease, migration of disease associated with tourism.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.

TREN 4P13
Sustainable Destination Management and Issues
Tourism destination management concepts through the use of case studies. Theories, principles and implications of clustering, partnerships, strategic alliances and innovation between various destination stakeholders.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor

TREN 4P14
Issues in Environmental Studies
Exploration of contemporary topics in environmental studies.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 12 .0 overall credits or permission of the instructor.

TREN 4P15
Tourism Ethics
Exploration of values and moral development relating to tourism.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.

TREN 4P16
Great Works in Environmentalism
Systematic breakdown of major works in the development of environmentalism, and the implications for the present day.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.

TREN 4P17
Sustainable Rural Tourism
Critical analysis of definitions of policies for and approaches to rural tourism and agritourism in terms of sustainability principles.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.

TREN 4P18
Quantitative Ecosystem Analysis
Computer modelling and other numerical techniques for exploring human impacts on ecosystems and for developing feasible policy and management options for the future.
Seminar, workshop, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with minimum of 12 .0 overall credits or permission of instructor.

TREN 4P19
Environmental Heritage
Identification, inventory, interpretation and conservation of natural and built environmental heritage features with a focus on the Niagara Region including the Greenbelt and the Niagara Escarpment. Significant natural landscapes and habitats; important residential, commercial, institutional, agricultural and industrial architecture and infrastructure; parks, trails and greenways; transportation heritage. Role of environmental heritage in tourism and education.
Lectures, tutorials, project workshops, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to TREN majors with a minimum of 12.0 overall credits or permission of instructor.
Note: scheduled tutorials and class meetings are held throughout the term. This course involves independent field work for the production of an online interpretive report on a significant environmental heritage feature in the Niagara Region.

TREN 4P50
Themes in Intercultural Studies
(also offered as INTC 4P50)
Seminar discussion and development of individual research papers on an intercultural studies theme as reflected in each student's major area.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits.
Prerequisite(s): INTC (INTL) 1F90 or permission of the Director.