MSc Thesis
A research project involving the preparation of a thesis which will demonstrate a capacity for independent work. The research shall be carried out under the supervision of a faculty member.
Introduction to Wavelets
An introduction to wavelets in the context of Fourier Analysis. Topics include inner product spaces, Fourier series, Fourier transform, Haar wavelet analysis, multiresolution analysis: linear and cubic spline wavelets, Daubechies wavelets, convergence theorems, numerical Fourier and wavelet analysis, wavelet-Glaerkin numerical solution of ordinary differential equations.
Note: taught in conjunction with MATH 4P05.
Solitons and Nonlinear Wave Equations
Introduction to solitons: travelling waves, nonlinear wave and evolution equations (Korteweg de Vries, Bousinesq, nonlinear Schrodinger, sine-Gordon), soliton solutions and their interaction properties, Lax pairs and construction of single and multi soliton solutions.
Note: taught in conjunction with MATH 4P09.
Modern Algebra
Advanced group theory and ring theory, such as group actions, p-groups and Sylow subgroups, solvable and nilpotent groups, FC-groups, free groups, finiteness conditions in rings, semisimplicity, the Wedderburn-Artin theorem, the Jacobson radical, rings of algebraic integers.
Group Rings
An introduction to group rings. Group rings and their unit groups, augmentation ideals, algebraic elements, several important types of units, isomorphism problem, free groups of units.
Computational Methods for Algebraic and Differential Systems
Computer algebra applications of solving polynomial systems of algebraic and differential systems of equations are covered, including the necessary algebraic background. Polynomials and ideals,Groebner bases, affine varieties, solving by elimination, Groebner basis conversion, solving equations by resultants, differential algebra, differential Groebner bases.
Heuristic and Parallel Techniques for Algebraic and Differential Systems
Heuristic methods in simplifying systems, parallel computer algebra applied to very non-linear problems, safety aspects of large computations, human-machine interface issues for handling large systems.
Dynamical Systems
Introduction to dynamical systems and their applications in mathematical modelling. Linear flows, local theory of nonlinear flows, linearization theorems, stable manifold theorem. Global theory: limit sets and attractors, Poincare´-Bendixson theorem. Structural stability and bifurcations of vector fields. Low dimensional phenomena in discrete dynamics. Chaotic dynamics: routes to chaos, characterization of chaos and strange attractors.
Mathematical Models of Complex Systems
Bottom-up approach to mathematical modeling. Cellular automata and agent-based models: rules, approximate methods, kinetic growth phenomena, site-exchange automata. Networks: graphs, random networks, small-world networks, scale-free networks, dynamics of network models. Additional topics may include power-law distributions in complex systems, self-organized criticality, phase transitions, and critical exponents.
Mathematical Foundations of Statistical Physics
The phase space of a mechanical system, theorems of Liouville and Birkhoff, ergodic problem; statistical mechanics as probability theory with constraints; the concept of temperature in thermal and non-thermal systems; phase transitions and critical behavior, spin models, scaling; renormalization group theory; phase transitions in percolation models, calculations of critical exponents, open problems.
Graph Theory
Basic definitions, paths and cycles, connectivity, trees and forests, bipartite graphs, Eulerian graphs; Matchings in bipartite graphs and in general graphs; Planar graphs, Euler's formula and Kuratowski's theorem. Graph colourings, Brooks' and Vizing's theorem and colouring of planar graphs; Network flows, Min-Max Theorem.
Algorithmic Game Theory
Basic definitions, games, strategies, costs and payoffs, equilibria, cooperative games; Complexity of finding Nash equilibria; Mechanism design; Combinatorial auctions; Profit maximization in mechanism design; Cost sharing; Online mechanisms; Inefficiency of equilibria; Selfish routing; Network formation games; Potential function method; The price of anarchy; Sponsored search auctions.
Functional Analysis
The basic theory of Hilbert spaces, including the Projection Theorem, the Riesz Representation Theorem and the weak topology; weak derivatives, Sobolev spaces and the Sobolev Imbedding Theorem; the variational formulation of boundary value problems for ordinary and partial differential equations, the Lax-Milgram Lemma and its applications; the finite element method.
Nonlinear Functional Analysis I
An introduction to the theory of linear monotone operators and their applications to linear differential equations. Topics include variational problems; the Ritz method; the Galerkin method for differential and integral equations; Hilbert space methods and linear elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic differential equations.
Nonlinear Functional Analysis II
An introduction to the theory of nonlinear monotone operators and their applications to nonlinear differential equations. Topics include monotone and pseudo-monotone operators, applications to quasi-linear elliptic differential equations, noncoercive equations, nonlinear Fredholm aternative, maximal accretive operators, nonexpansive semi-groups and first order evolution equations, maximal monotone operators and applications to integral equations and to first and second order evolution equations.
Wavelet Bases in Functions Spaces With Applications
Wavelet bases in Sobolev and Besov spaces and their applications to the numerical solution of PDEs and statistical estimation. Topics include an overview of Lebesgue integration, Lp-spaces, weak differentiability and Sobolev spaces, Besov spaces, wavelet expansions in Sobolev and Besov spaces, Galerkin wavelet methods for the resolution of elliptic problems in bounded domains, density estimation.
Algebraic Number Theory
An introduction to algebraic aspects of number theory. Topics include the general theory of factorization of ideals in Dedekind domains and number fields, Kummer's theory on lifting of prime ideals in extension fields, factorization of prime ideals in Galois extensions, local fields, the proof of Hensel's lemma, arithmetic of global fields.
Partial Differential Equations
Heat equation, wave equation, basic existence and uniqueness theory of parabolic and hyperbolic linear PDEs, fundamental solutions, introduction to weak solutions and Sobolev spaces, analysis of nonlinear evolution equations, exact solution techniques and formal geometric properties (symmetries and conservation laws).
Symmetry Analysis and Conservation Law Methods
Overview of computational methods and theory for symmetry and conservation law analysis of differential equations. Noether's theorem, characteristic form and determining equations for symmetries and conservation laws, computer algebra programs, applications to nonlinear ODEs and evolutionary PDEs.
Integrability and Formal Geometry of PDEs
Properties of integrable equations and soliton solutions, recursion operators, bi-Hamiltonian structures, connections with classical differential geometry, classification of integrable evolution equations, advanced symmetry and conservation law classification problems, applications to nonlinear PDEs in applied mathematics and mathematical physics.
Geometric Topics in Mathematical Physics
Classical aspects of Yang-Mills equations and nonlinear gauge fields. General Relativity theory and black hole spacetimes. Killing tensors and spinors, twistors. Geometrical algebraic approach to classical mechanics and special relativity using quaternions. Advanced aspects of mechanics (Poisson brackets, symplectic manifolds, Hamiltonian dynamics, Lie-Poisson structures).
Topology
An introduction to point set topology concepts and principles. Metric spaces; topological spaces; continuity, compactness; connectedness; countability and separation axioms; metrizability; completeness; Baire spaces.
Advanced Topology
An introduction to topological fixed point theory with applications to differential systems and game theory. Topics include the theorems of Brouwer, Borsuk, Schauder-Tychnoff, and Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz; fixed points and equilbria for set-valued maps; existence and qualitative properties of differential systems; Min-max theorems and Nash equilibria.
Mathematical Music Theory
An introduction to mathematical music theory. Topics may include: category theory and local and global compositions; general topology and (music) metric and motive structures; group theory and rhythmic canons, group theory and (music) set theory; diophantine analysis and tone systems.
Sampling Theory
Theory of finite population sampling; simple random sampling; sampling proportion; estimation of sample size; Stratified sampling; optimal allocation of sample sizes; ratio estimators; regression estimators; systematic and cluster sampling; multi-stage sampling; error in surveys; computational techniques and computer packages, and related topics.
Note: taught in conjunction with MATH 4P81.
Nonparametric Statistics
Order statistics; rank tests and statistics; methods based on the binomial distribution; contingency tables; Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics; nonparametric analysis of variance; nonparametric regression; comparisons with parametric methods; computational techniques and computer packages, related topic.
Note: taught in conjunction with MATH 4P82.
Linear Models
Classical linear model, generalized inverse matrix, distribution and quadratic forms, regression model, nested classification and classification with interaction. covariance analysis, variance components, binary data, polynomial data, log linear model, linear logit models, generalized linear model, conditional likelihoods, quasi-likelihoods, estimating equations, computational techniques and related topics.
Time Series Analysis and Stochastic Processes
Time series, trend, seasonality and error, theory of stationary processes, spectral theory, Box-Jenkins methods, theory of prediction, inference and forecasting. ARMA and ARIMA processes, vector time series models, state space models, Markov processes, renewal process, martingales, Brownian motion, diffusion processes, branching processes, queueing theory, stochastic models, computational techniques and related topics.
Note: Math 5P84 has been approved by the VEE (Validation by Education Experience) Administration Committee of the Society of Actuaries. To receive VEE credit, candidates will need a grade of 70 or better.
Mathematical Statistical Inference
Revision of probability theory, convergence of random variables, statistical models, sufficiency and ancillarity, point estimation, likelihood theory, optimal estimation, Bayesian methods, computational methods, minimum variance estimation, interval estimation and hypothesis testing, linear and generalized linear models, goodness-of-fit for discrete and continuous data, robustness, large sample theory, Bayesian inference.
Multivariate Statistics
Theory of multivariate statistics, matrix algebra and random vector, sample geometry and random sampling, multivariate normal distribution, inference about means, covariance matrix, generalized Hotelling's T2distribution, sample covariance and sample generalized variance, Wishart distribution, general hypothesis testing, analysis of variance and linear regression model, principle components, factor analysis, covariance analysis, canonical correlation analysis, discrimination and classification, cluster analysis and related topics.
Probability and Measure Theory
An introduction to a rigorous treatment of probability theory using measure theory. Topics include probability measures, random variables, expectations, laws of large numbers, distributions and discrete Markov chains. Selected topics from weak convergence, characteristic functions and the Central Limit Theorem.
Advanced Statistics
Topics may vary year to year. Advanced methods and theory in statistical inference, survival analysis, risk analysis, sampling techniques, bootstrapping, Jackknife, generalized linear models, mixed models, modern computational statistics, quality control, life data modeling, biostatistics, multivariate analysis, time series analysis and related topics.
Cryptography and Number Theory
Topics may include RSA cryptosystems, ElGamal cryptosystem, algorithms for discrete logarithmic problem, elliptic curves, computing point multiples on elliptic curves, primality testing and factoring algorithms.
Note: taught in conjunction with MATH 4P92.
Mathematics Seminar
Independent study and presentation of major research papers in areas of specialization.
Statistics Seminar
Independent study and presentation of major research papers in areas of specialization.
Project
Students will complete a survey paper on a topic chosen in consultation with a supervisor from one of the research areas of specialization.
Selected Topics in Mathematics and Statistics
An investigation of a specific area or group of related topics in mathematics or statistics.