2008-2009 Undergraduate Calendar-Geography

Last updated: August 15, 2008 @ 10:15AM

Geography

Chair
Hugh Gayler

Professor Emeritus
John N. Jackson

Professors
David Butz, Hugh Gayler, John Menzies, Michael Ripmeester, Keith J. Tinkler

Associate Professors
Alun Hughes, Catherine Jean Nash, Anthony B. Shaw, Dragos Simandan

Assistant Professors
Jeffrey Boggs, Daryl Dagesse, Christopher Fullerton, Marilyne Jollineau, Phillip Mackintosh, Ebru Ustundag

Adjunct Professor
Deborah Leslie

Director, Co-operative Programs
Cindy Dunne

General Information

Administrative Assistant
Virginia Wagg

905-688-5550, extension 3484
Mackenzie Chown C322
http://www.brocku.ca/geography/

The Department of Geography offers programs leading to BA and BSc degrees at the honours and pass levels and participates in a number of combined major programs.

Geographers study the distribution of physical and human phenomena over the Earth's surface and the interrelationships of humans and the natural environment. Their work ranges from description and mapping, through scientific analysis and explanation, to forecasting and planning for the future.

The discipline of geography has a broad scope and combines elements of both the social and natural sciences. Two principal divisions of the subject exist-human geography and physical geography-linked by a common background, a mutual concern for humans and the environment and a body of related theory and methodology.

Geography majors at Brock may choose from the following degree programs: BA Human Geography, BSc Physical Geography, BA Geography and BSc Geography. The first two are relatively specialized, while the last two strike a balance between the physical and human sides of the discipline. Within each program students may be admitted to the honours degree program at any time. An honours degree program provides students with an opportunity for a more intensive examination of issues in the discipline. These programs are described in detail in subsequent sections.

The Department of Geography also participates in four-year Co-op programs leading to a BA or BSc Honours degree.

In addition, the Department offers four-year Honours programs leading to either a BA or BSc degree in Geography with a Concentration in Geomatics. This program combines Brock courses with those offered by Niagara College.

The Department and the Faculty of Education co-operate in offering a Concurrent BA (Honours) or BSc (Honours)/BEd degree at both the Junior/Intermediate and Intermediate/Senior levels.

Most courses emphasize structured labs and seminars in early years and progressively more independent work in later years, culminating in an optional honours thesis in year 4. Field work features prominently in some courses. Students should note that a nominal fee may be charged in courses having a field work or laboratory component.

Two field courses, GEOG 3P56 and 3P57, are held in September in the week following Labour Day, with follow-up seminars/labs during term. One of these courses is mandatory for students entering year 3; prospective students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year.

GEOG 4F99 is an optional internship program in year 4, enabling students to obtain work experience while still at the University. Prospective students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year.

Laboratories and equipment are available for work in biogeography, geomorphology, climatology, cartography, surveying, remote sensing, geographic information systems and human geography. The University Map Library, containing an extensive collection of maps, atlases and air photos, is housed within the Geography department.

Policing and Criminal Justice
The Policing and Criminal Justice program involves courses offered through Brock and Niagara College of Applied Arts and Technology. This four-year program combines training in policing and criminal justice with an education in a chosen academic discipline, which may be Communications Studies, Human Geography, Political Science, Psychology or Sociology. For students majoring in Human Geography, this four-year program leads to a BA (Honours) in Human Geography and a diploma in Police Foundations from Niagara College. The program caters to the increasing demand in society for professionals who possess both solid applied skills and the substantive knowledge needed to apply them to the areas of policing and criminal justice. Normally, this involves attending college after gaining a university degree, but the Brock and Niagara program combines the two in a single integrated package. Enrolment is limited.

Please consult the Policing and Criminal Justice entry for a listing of program requirements.

Co-op Program
The Geography Co-op programs combine academic and work terms over a four year period. Students spend the first two years in an academic setting where their exposure to courses in the core areas of Geography provides the necessary background for their first work placement. In addition to the current fees for courses in academic study terms, Geography Co-op students are assessed an annual administrative fee (see the Schedule of Fees).

Eligibility to continue in the Co-op program is based on the student's major average and non-major average. A student with a minimum 70 percent major average and a minimum 60 percent non-major average will be permitted to continue. A student with a major average lower than 70 percent will not be permitted to continue in the Geography Co-op program, but may continue in the BA or BSc Geography non Co-op program. For further information, see the Co-op programs section of the Calendar and contact the Department of Geography.

The Geography Co-op program designation will be awarded to those students who have successfully completed a minimum of twelve months of Co-op work experience.

Program Notes

GEOG 2P07, 2P12, 2P13, 2Q96, 3F91, 3F95, 3P04, 3P05, 3P07, 3P50, 3P76, 3P79, 3P83, 3P92, 3P95, 4F99, 4P03, 4P07 and 4P83 can be taken for either BA or BSc credit.
In the case of GEOG 3V60-3V69, 3V90-3V99, 4F90, 4P95 and 4P96 the content in a given year determines whether the course yields BA credit or BSc credit.
Students may hold credit for only one of GEOG 3P56 or 3P57.
For students with a specific interest in geomorphology and soils the following ERSC courses are recommended as elective credits: ERSC 2P15, 3P61 and 4P61.
This credit must be other than GEOG.
The Social Science credit must be from CHYS, COMM, ECON, FILM, LABR, POLI, PCUL, PSYC, SOCI, TREN or WISE.
One Science credit is required and must be from BCHM, BIOL, CHEM, COSC, ERSC, MATH and PHYS (excluding ASTR 1P01, 1P02, BIOL 1F25, CHEM 1P00, ERSC 1F90, 1P92, 1P93, SCIE 1P50 and 1P51).
One Science credit is required, must be from BCHM, BIOL, CHEM, COSC, ERSC, MATH and PHYS and must be numbered 2(alpha)00 or above.
WRIT 1P93 recommended.
In all 20 credit degree programs, at least 12 credits must be numbered 2(alpha)00 or above, six of which must be numbered 2(alpha)90 or above and of these, three must be numbered 3(alpha)90 or above. In all 15 credit degree programs, at least seven credits must be numbered 2(alpha)00 or above, three of which must be numbered 2(alpha)90 or above.

Course Offerings

Courses offered by the Department fall into two main groups, group A in human geography and group B in physical geography. A third group (C) emphasizes geomatics approaches to geographical problems.

Group A:

·	GEOG 1F90
·	GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 2P03, 2P06, 2P10, 2P12, 2P13
·	GEOG 3F90, 3F91, 3F92, 3P41, 3P45, 3P46, 3P47, 3P50, 3P51, 3P53, 3P57, 3P60, 3P65, 3P66, 3P69, 3P74, 3P79, 3P80, 3P83, 3P84, 3P86, 3P87, 3V60-3V69, 3V90-3V99
·	GEOG 4F90, 4F99, 4P46, 4P51, 4P60, 4P61, 4P62, 4P65, 4P66, 4P67, 4P70, 4P71, 4P72, 4P75, 4P77, 4P83, 4P84, 4P87, 4P92, 4P95, 4P96

Group B:

·	GEOG 1F91
·	GEOG 2P04, 2P05, 2P09, 2P11, 2P12, 2P13, 2P97
·	GEOG 3F91, 3F95, 3P10, 3P12, 3P13, 3P24, 3P25, 3P26, 3P33, 3P35, 3P36, 3P50, 3P56, 3P79, 3P83, 3P85, 3Q99, 3V60-3V69, 3V90-3V99
·	GEOG 4F90, 4F99, 4P12, 4P13, 4P26, 4P28, 4P80, 4P83, 4P95, 4P96

Group C:

·	GEOG 2P07
·	GEOG 3P04, 3P05, 3P07, 3P95
·	GEOG 4P03, 4P07

Bachelor of Arts in Human Geography

Honours

Year 1

·	GEOG 1F90 and 1F91 (may be taken in Year 2)
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Social Science context credit (see program note 5)
·	one elective credit (see program note 9)

Year 2

·	GEOG 2P07, 2P10 and 2P12
·	one and one-half credits from GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 2P03, 2P06, 2P13
·	one Social Science credit (see program note 6)
·	one elective credit (to include GEOG 1F91 if not completed in Year 1)

Year 3

·	GEOG 3P57
·	one and one-half GEOG credits numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group A
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from either group A or C
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group C
·	two elective credits

Year 4

·	One GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group A or C
·	three GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from group A or C
·	one elective credit

Human Geography Co-op (Honours only)

Students admitted to the Co-op program must follow an approved program pattern. The most common pattern is listed below. For other approved programs consult the Co-op office.

Year 1

·	GEOG 1F90 and 1F91
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Social Science context credit (see program note 5)
·	one elective credit (see program note 9)

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	One elective credit

Year 2

·	GEOG 0N90, 2P07, 2P10 and 2P12
·	one and one-half credits from GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 2P03, 2P06, 2P13
·	one Social Science credit (see program note 6)
·	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group A

Spring/Summer Sessions:

GEOG 0N01

Year 3
Fall Term:

·	GEOG 3P57
·	one and one-half GEOG credits numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group A or C
·	one-half elective credit

Winter Term:

GEOG 0N02

Spring/Summer Sessions:

GEOG 0N03

Year 4

·	One GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group A or C
·	three GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from group A or C
·	one elective credit

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	One and one-half elective credits

Pass

Satisfactory completion of the first three years of the Honours program entitles a student to apply for a Pass degree.

Bachelor of Science in Physical Geography

Honours

Year 1

·	GEOG 1F90 (may be taken in Year 2) and 1F91
·	MATH 1P97
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Science context credit (see program note 7)
·	one-half elective credit (see program note 9)

Year 2

·	GEOG 2P07, 2P11 and 2P12
·	one and one-half credits from GEOG 2P04, 2P05, 2P09, 2P13
·	one Science credit (see program note 7)
·	one elective credit (to include GEOG 1F90 if not completed in Year 1)

Year 3

·	GEOG 3P56
·	one and one-half GEOG credits numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group B
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group B or C

one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group C

·	one Science credit (see program note 8)
·	one elective credit

Year 4

·	One GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group B or C
·	three GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 and above from group B or C
·	one elective credit

Physical Geography Co-op (Honours only)

Year 1

·	GEOG 1F90 and 1F91
·	MATH 1P97
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Science context credit (see program note 7)
·	one-half elective credit (see program note 9)

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	One elective credit

Year 2

·	GEOG 0N90, 2P07, 2P11 and 2P12
·	one and one-half credits from GEOG 2P04, 2P05, 2P09, 2P13
·	one Science credit (see program note 7)

one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group B

Spring/Summer Sessions:

GEOG 0N01

Year 3
Fall Term:

·	GEOG 3P56
·	one and one-half GEOG credits numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group B or C
·	one-half Science credit numbered 2(alpha)00 or above (see program note 8)

Winter Term:

GEOG 0N02

Spring/Summer Sessions:

GEOG 0N03

Year 4

·	One GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group B or C
·	three GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 and above from group B or C
·	one half Science credit numbered 2(alpha)00 or above (see program note 8)
·	one-half elective credit

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	one and one-half elective credits

Pass

Satisfactory completion of the first three years of the Honours program entitles a student to apply for a Pass degree.

Bachelor of Arts in Geography

Honours

Year 1

·	GEOG 1F90 and 1F91
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Social Science context credit (see program note 5)
·	one elective credit (see program note 9)

Year 2

·	GEOG 2P07, 2P10 and 2P12
·	one credit from GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 2P03, 2P06, 2P13
·	one credit from GEOG 2P04, 2P05, 2P09, 2P13
·	one Social Science credit (see program note 6)
·	one-half elective credit

Year 3

·	GEOG 3P57
·	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group A
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group A or C
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group B
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group B or C
·	two elective credits

Year 4

·	One GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from groups A, B, C
·	three GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from groups A, B, C
·	one elective credit

Geography Co-op (Honours only)

Year 1

·	GEOG 1F90 and 1F91
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Social Science context credit (see program note 5)
·	one elective credit (see program note 9)

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	One elective credit

Year 2

·	GEOG 0N90, 2P07, 2P10 and 2P12
·	one credit from GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 2P03, 2P06, 2P13
·	one credit from GEOG 2P04, 2P05, 2P09, 2P13
·	one Social Science credit (see program note 6)
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group A

Spring/Summer Sessions:

GEOG 0N01

Year 3
Fall Term:

·	GEOG 3P57
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group A
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group A or C
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group B or C

one-half elective credit

Winter Term:

GEOG 0N02

Spring/Summer Sessions:

GEOG 0N03

Year 4

·	One GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from groups A, B, C
·	three GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from groups A, B, C
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group B
·	one-half elective credit

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	One and one-half elective credits

Pass

Satisfactory completion of the first three years of the Honours program entitles a student to apply for a Pass degree.

Bachelor of Science in Geography

Honours

Year 1

·	GEOG 1F90 and 1F91
·	MATH 1P97
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Science context credit (see program note 7)
·	one-half elective credit (see program note 9)

Year 2

·	GEOG 2P07, 2P11 and 2P12
·	one credit from GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 2P03, 2P06, 2P13
·	one credit from GEOG 2P04, 2P05, 2P09, 2P13
·	one Science credit (see program note 7)
·	one-half elective credit

Year 3

·	GEOG 3P56
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group A
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group A or C
·	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group B
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group B or C
·	one Science credit (see program note 8)
·	one elective credit

Year 4

·	One GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from groups A, B, C
·	three GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from groups A, B, C
·	one elective credit

Geography Co-op (Honours only)

Year 1

·	GEOG 1F90 and 1F91
·	MATH 1P97
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Science context credit (see program note 7)
·	one-half elective credit (see program note 9)

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	One elective credit

Year 2

·	GEOG 0N90, 2P07, 2P11 and 2P12
·	one credit from GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 2P03, 2P06, 2P13
·	one credit from GEOG 2P04, 2P05, 2P09, 2P13
·	one Science credit (see program note 7)
·	one-half GEOG numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group B

Spring/Summer Sessions:

GEOG 0N01

Year 3
Fall Term:

·	GEOG 3P56
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group A or C
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group B
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group B or C
·	one-half Science credit numbered 2(alpha)00 or above (see program note 8)

Winter Term:

GEOG 0N02

Spring/Summer Sessions:

GEOG 0N03

Year 4

·	One-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group A
·	three GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from groups A, B, C
·	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from groups A, B, C
·	one-half Science credit numbered 2(alpha)00 or above (see program note 8)

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	one and one-half elective credits

Pass

Satisfactory completion of the first three years of the Honours program entitles a student to apply for a Pass degree.

Concurrent BA/BEd and BSc/BEd

The Department of Geography and the Faculty of Education co-operate in offering two Concurrent BA (Honours)/BEd programs and two BSc (Honours)/BEd programs. The Geography BA (Honours)/BEd program combines the BA Honours program or BA Honours Integrated Studies program with the teacher education program for students interested in teaching at the Intermediate/Senior level (grades 7 - 12) and at the Junior/Intermediate level (grades 4 - 10). The Geography BSc (Honours)/BEd combines the BSc Honours program or BSc Integrated Studies program with the teacher education program for students interested in teaching at the Intermediate/Senior level (grades 7 - 12) and at the Junior/Intermediate level (grades 4 - 10). Refer to the Education - Concurrent BA (Honours), Education - Concurrent BA Integrated Studies (Honours)/BEd, Education - Concurrent BSc (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) or Education-Concurrent BSc Integrated Studies (Honours)/BEd (Junior/Intermediate) program listings for further information.

Combined Major Program

The Department of Geography participates in combined major programs with the following departments: Biological Sciences (BSc), Child and Youth Studies (BA), Computer Science (BA and BSc), Earth Sciences (BSc), Economics (BA). The requirements are listed in the calendar sections of the co-major discipline. Combined major programs with other disciplines are also possible; students interested in pursuing one of these should consult the Chair of Geography and of the other department/centre involved. As in the single major programs, students pursuing a combined major may be admitted to the Pass program at any time. The Pass program provides students with an opportunity for a more intensive examination of issues in the field.

All combined major students are required to complete the following courses:

·	GEOG 1F90 or 1F91
·	GEOG 2P10 or 2P11
·	GEOG 2P12
·	GEOG 3P56 or 3P57

In addition, BSc Combined majors are required to complete MATH 1P97

Minor in Geography

Students in other disciplines can obtain a Minor in Geography within their degree program by completing the following courses with a minimum 60 percent overall average:

·	GEOG 1F90 or 1F91
·	one and one-half GEOG credits numbered 1(alpha)90 to 2(alpha)89
·	one and one-half GEOG credits numbered 2(alpha)90 or above.

Brock/Colleges Articulation Agreement

Concentration in Geomatics-Niagara College

The Concentration in Geomatics combines an education in the fields of cartography, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing and surveying with an education in Geography.

This is a four-year Honours program and involves courses offered through Brock University and Niagara College. Students completing the program receive a Brock Honours degree in Geography with a Concentration in Geomatics and a post-graduate certificate in Geographic Information Systems - Geospatial Management from Niagara College. The degree may be a BA or BSc, depending on whether human or physical geography is emphasized.

The program caters to the demand in society for professionals who possess both a solid background in Geomatics and the substantive knowledge necessary to apply those technologies successfully in the real world. Normally, this involves attending college after gaining a university degree, but the Brock and Niagara program combines the two in a single integrated package.

Students should note the following about this program:

1.	Students normally enter the program at the start of Year 2 and should apply for admission at the end of Year 1. Enrolment is limited, depending on the availability of lab space at Niagara College. Admission to the Concentration will include concurrent admission to the Niagara College post-graduate certificate program in Geographic Information Systems - Geospatial Management.
2.	The Niagara College courses are taken in Year 3 and extend over three terms, Fall, Winter, and Spring. They are taught at the college's Glendale Campus.
3.	Upon completion of the requirements for the post-graduate certificate at Niagara College, with a minimum 70 percent overall average, students will have 5.0 unspecified transfer credits applied to their Brock degree.

BA (Honours) Geography with Concentration in Geomatics

Year 1

·	GEOG 1F90 and 1F91
·	one Social Science context credit (see program note 5)
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one elective credit (see program note 9)

Year 2

·	one credit from GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 2P03, 2P06, 2P13
·	GEOG 2P07, 2P10, 2P12, 3P05 and 3P07
·	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group A
·	one-half elective credit

Year 3

·	taken at Niagara College

Year 4

·	GEOG 3P04, 3P57 and 4P07
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above from group A
·	two and one-half GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from group A
·	one-half elective credit (see program note 2)

BSc (Honours) Geography with Concentration in Geomatics

Year 1

·	GEOG 1F90 and 1F91
·	one Science context credit (see program note 7)
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one elective credit (see program note 9)

Year 2

·	One credit from GEOG 2P04, 2P05, 2P09, 2P13
·	GEOG 2P07, 2P11, 2P12, 3P05 and 3P07
·	one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from group B
·	MATH 1P97

Year 3

·	taken at Niagara College

Year 4

·	GEOG 3P04, 3P56 and 4P07
·	one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above from group B
·	two and one-half GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from group B
·	one-half elective credit (see program note 2)

Policing and Criminal Justice-Niagara College

Consult the Policing and Criminal Justice entry for a listing of the program requirements.

Master of Arts (MA) Program

The MA Program in Geography is designed to train students broadly in geographical approaches to understanding social and human/environment relations, with emphasis on how contemporary processes affect spatial relations aross a range of scales from the local to the global. For details about the program, see the Graduate Calendar or contact the Geography Graduate Program Director.

Description of Courses

Note that not all courses are offered in every session. Refer to the applicable term timetable for details.
# Indicates a cross listed course
* Indicates primary offering of a cross listed course

Prerequisites and Restrictions

Students must check to ensure that prerequisites are met. Students may be deregistered, at the request of the instructor, from any course for which prerequisites and/or restrictions have not been met.
GEOG 1F90
Introduction to Human Geography
Practical and problem-oriented examination of spatial patterns of human organization and their links with social, cultural, economic, political and ecological processes.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.

GEOG 1F91
Principles of Physical Geography
The interactions of atmosphere, soils, vegetation and landforms occurring at the surface of the Earth. The development of natural environments and impacts upon people and their activities.
Lectures, lab, 4 hours per week.

GEOG 2P01
Introduction to Social Geography
Understanding the connections between space, society and knowledge; minds and bodies, communities, cities and streets, nations, economies and institutions, and ruralities.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F90 or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3P52.

GEOG 2P02
Economic Geography
(also offered as LABR 2P02)
Growth of the world economy since 1500 AD and how this shapes the location of manufacturing, agriculture and services today. Contemporary impact of global economic forces and their roots in the growth of worldwide trading networks, colonialism, the Industrial Revolution, the Fordist crisis and transition to post-Fordism.
Lectures, tutorial, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and LABR majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F90, LABR 1F90 (1P91 and 1P92) or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 2P03
Urban Geography
Basic concepts and problems underlying the growth of cities, the urban system, land-use patterns in the city and urban policy making.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F90 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 2P04
Introduction to Meteorology
(also offered as ERSC 2P04)
Principles, structure, composition and processes of the atmosphere; its energy budget, moisture balance and motion. Weather forecasting in middle and low latitudes, forecasting techniques and special problems in applied meteorology.
Lectures, lab, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior), and ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F91, ERSC 1F01 (1F95) or permission of instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 2P04 and TREN 2P04.

GEOG 2P05
Earth Surface Processes
(also offered as ERSC 2P05)
Earth surface processes and geomorphology within global environments. A dynamic and physically based account of processes and the Earth's surface, linking the fields of sedimentology, physical geography and fluid mechanics.
Lectures, lab, field work, 5 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior), and ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F91, ERSC 1F01 (1F95) or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 2P05 and TREN 2P05.

GEOG 2P06
Cultural and Historical Geography
(also offered as PCUL 2P06)
Interactions among culture, society and landscape. The material and symbolic manifestations of culture in processes of landscape change.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and PCUL majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 1F90, COMM 1F90, PCUL 1F92 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 2P07
Foundations of Geomatics
(also offered as ERSC 2P07 and IASC 2P07)
Introduction to spatial, metric, graphic and other concepts common to cartography, photogrammetry, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). Properties of maps, air photos and satellite imagery. Principles of map compilation and design. Practical experience in computer mapmaking, image interpretation and GIS analysis.
Lectures, lab, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and IASC (single or combined), ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 1F90, 1F91, ERSC 1F01 (1F95) or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 2P09
Principles of Biogeography
(also offered as ERSC 2P09)
Autoecological aspects of soils and plants including the human impact at all scales. Patterns of soils and plants and their explanation. Spatial patterns of soils and vegetation communities and their explanation.
Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior), BIOL, and ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 1F91, CHEM 1F92, ERSC 1F01 (1F95) or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ENVI 2P09 and TREN 2P09.

GEOG 2P10
Qualitative Research Design and Methodology
Aspects of qualitative research: project formulation, methodologies, writing-up; relation of theory and methodology.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F90 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 2P11
Research Methods in the Geosciences
(also offered as ERSC 2P11)
Appraisal of scientific method. Problems of research design and the acquisition of information from the field by mapping, instrumental measurement, sampling and the use of published and unpublished data sources. Quantitative analysis of data, interpretation and the communication of results.
Lectures, lab, seminar, 5 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F91, ERSC 1F01 (1F95) or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 2P12
Quantitative Research Design and Methodology
Introduction to basic techniques in descriptive and inferential statistics, including techniques for examining geographical patterns and processes, and examples from both human and physical geography. Techniques include correlation coefficients, coefficients of localization, location quotients, Moran's I and Geary's C, bivariate and multi-variate regression. The relationship between research questions and research designs.
Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F90, 1F91 or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in MATH 1P98.

GEOG 2P13
Resource and Environmental Geographies
Analysis of the relation between resources, global environmental dynamics, and the management of uncertainty. Emphasis on the changing pattern of energy flows.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 1F90, 1F91, ERSC 1F01 (1F95), 1F90, INTC (INTL) 1F90, TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90 and 1P91) or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3P76.

GEOG 2P15
Introduction to Oceanography
(also offered as ERSC 2P15)
Overview of the oceans, their origin, composition, circulation, geology and biota, from the costal zone to the abyss. Importance of oceanography to humans, history of oceanography, overview of marine hazards and resources, ocean-atmosphere interactions and the global climate.
Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 1F91, ERSC 1F01 (1F95), 1F90, BIOL 1F90.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ERSC 2P02.

GEOG 2P16
Sedimentology
(also offered as ERSC 2P16)
Basic clastic sedimentology (grain size, shape, porosity/permeability, fabric) including fundamentals of unidirectional and oscillatory water flows, sediment transport under such flows and resulting sedimentary structures. Clastic rock classification.
Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F91 or ERSC 1F01 (1F95).
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ERSC 2P10 and 2P31.

GEOG 2P17
Earth Science Methods
(also offered as ERSC 2P17)
Introduction to the study and description, in the field and the lab, of surficial deposits, sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks; structural analysis of geological maps and imagery.
Lectures, lab, field trips, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F91 or ERSC 1F01 (1F95).
Note: field trips taken during lab periods and weekends to areas of geological interest. Weekend field trips taken early in the semester.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in ERSC 2P12.

GEOG 2P50
Geography of Canada
Analysis of factors underlying the development of Canada's distinctive regions emphasizing major metropolitan areas, resource regions and areas of decline.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Note: major credit will not be granted to GEOG majors.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 2P91.

GEOG 2P97
Introduction to Soil Science
(also offered as OEVI 2P97)
Physical, chemical, biological, and hydrological processes within the soil system, their interrelationships, and relationships between these processes and the potential use of the soil. Emphasis on soils in Southern Ontario and individual student analysis of those soils.
Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and OEVI majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F91 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3F90
London Field Course
Growth and development of London as a global city, capital of Britain and major metropolitan area through an examination of its major functions, institutions, peoples and internal spatial structures; major planning issues involved in achieving an enriched urban environment.
Restriction: permission of the Department.
Note: students are expected to pay their own expenses.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3F92.

GEOG 3F91
Environmental and Development Issues in Thailand
Examination of development approaches, environmental issues and cultural practices through visits to small-scale village projects, national parks and urban areas. Assessment of the traditional versus the Western-style economy within the context of sustainable development. Environmental constraints on development.
Restriction: permission of the Department.
Note: students are expected to pay their own expenses.

GEOG 3F92
London-Paris Field Course
Contrasts and similarities between London and Paris in terms of their roles as global cities, national capitals, metropolitan cities and local places; examination of major functions, institutions, people and internal spatial structures. Focus on planning issues in achieving an enriched urban environment.
Restriction: permission of the Department.
Note: students are expected to pay their own expenses.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3F90.

GEOG 3P04
Map Design and Production
Advanced aspects of map design. Methods of statistical mapping. Evolution of cartographic technology. Monochrome and colour map production using Adobe Illustrator. Issues and trends in cartography.
Lectures, lab, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P07 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P05
Geographic Information Systems
(also offered as ERSC 3P05 and IASC 3P05)
Principles and use of computer-based systems for capturing, managing, manipulating, analysing and displaying data relating to the Earth's surface, with emphasis on raster applications. Practical work using Idrisi.
Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and IASC (single or combined), ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P07 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P07
Remote Sensing
(also offered as ERSC 3P07)
Theory and practice of remote sensing. Photographic, thermal, multispectral, radar and laser imaging of the Earth's surface from airborne and spaceborne platforms. Image interpretation and image-analysis techniques.
Lectures, lab, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P07 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P12
Climate and Winegrape Production
(also offered as OEVI 3P12)
Climatological aspects of winegrape production emphasizing selected wine regions of the world. Effects of climate, weather-related diseases, topography, soil and viticulture practices on winegrape production.
Lectures, lab, field work, 4 hours per week
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and OEVI majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P04 or permission of the instructor.
Note: students enrolled in the OEVI program and OEVI certificate students are permitted to register without the prerequisite.

GEOG 3P13
Applied Climatology
(also offered as ERSC 3P13)
Studies in selected topics from the field of energy and moisture exchanges, air pollution, climatic change, climatic impact assessment and bioclimatology. Human impact on the climate along with applied micro-climatological investigations and climatic data analysis.
Lectures, lab, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P04 or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3P10.

GEOG 3P24
Glacial Geomorphology/Geology
(also offered as ERSC 3P24)
Introduction to glaciology; glacial processes, glacial deposits; their genesis and sedimentology. Relationship of glacial processes to landforms and surface topography. Glacial systems and facies associations. Applied aspects of glacial geology such as drift exploration.
Lectures, lab, field work, 5 hours per week.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P05 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P25
Quaternary Geology
(also offered as ERSC 3P25)
Glaciations in the geological record, causes of glaciations, biotic responses to climatic changes, eustatic and isostatic sea level changes in response to glaciation, Quaternary stratigraphy and correlation of glacial and non-glacial events, application of Quaternary geology to economic and environmental problems, methods of paleoclimatic reconstruction.
Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week.
Prerequisite: GEOG 3P24, ERSC 2P16 (2P10) or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P26
Glacial Soils and Sediments
(also offered as ERSC 3P26)
Applied aspects of glacial deposits. Geotechnical and pedochemical properties and structural attributes of glacial soils and sediments. Micromorphology, glacial soil discontinuity analyses. Introductory aspects of soil mechanics. Drift exploration. Landfill problems and issues related to glacial soils and sediments.
Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week.
Prerequisite: GEOG 3P24, 3P25 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P33
Biodiversity
(also offered as ERSC 3P33)
Dispersal and migration; adaptation; speciation; extinction; ecological interaction; species invasion; plant and animal introductions; habitat fragmentation and application of biogeographical theory to conservation biology; human impacts on fire regimes.
Lectures, lab, field work, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P09, BIOL 2P05, 2Q04 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P35
Biomonitoring and Environmental Stress Assessment
(also offered as ERSC 3P35)
Use of biodiversity indicators, field methods and passive and active sensors to assess environmental quality. Collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data to investigate urban air and water pollution and forest health.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 10.0 overall credits and permission of the Department.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P09, ERSC 1F01, BIOL 1F90 or permission of the instructor.
Note: one-week field study in the last week of the summer session with labs for 3 hours per week during the Fall term. Students are expected to pay their own expenses.

GEOG 3P36
Fluvial Geomorphology
(also offered as ERSC 3P36)
River basins, channel morphology, flood frequency analysis, elementary flow mechanics and sediment transport; analysis of river records; long term changes in river systems. Introduction to HEC-RAS flow modelling.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P05 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P41
The Modern City in Historical Perspective
The modern city and its public spaces, including city and park planning and urban reform. Historical investigation of class, race and gender as they intersect with the bourgeois production of the public city. Planning and design, politics, economy and culture from the late eighteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisites: GEOG 2P03; GEOG 2P01, 2P06 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P45
Urban Growth Processes and Planning
Economic, social and political forces underlying population growth, land-use change and spatial expansion in cities in advanced industrial societies. Technological innovations and urban morphology. Urban planning issues relating to suburbanization, small-town development, urban countryside, new towns, urban sprawl versus containment and intensification, and the loss of valuable resource areas.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P02, 2P03, 2P06 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P47
Regional Economic Growth and Change
(also offered as LABR 3P47)
Models of regional growth and change and the qualitative and quantitative techniques used to examine employment shifts predicted by these models. Theories of trade and regional specialization and the long-term dynamics of circular and cumulative causation in driving the formation of urban agglomerations throughout the contemporary world economy.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P02 or permission of the instructor.
Note: GEOG 2P12, MATH 1P98 or equivalent is recommended.

GEOG 3P50
Resource Management: Discourses, Policies and Ethics
Ethical and political implications of competing discourses of both human and natural resource management. Emphasis on the production and uses of power from the level of individual leadership and network-building to that of the global governance of resources.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P02, 2P13, POLI 2F20, 2F30, RECL 2P10, SOCI 2P73, SPMA 2P05, TREN 2P11 (RECL or TOUR 2P18) or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3P92.

GEOG 3P51
Popular Music, Identity and Place
(also offered as PCUL 3P51)
Examines links among places, music and cultural identities focussing on globalization, migration and mobility, place identity, music tourism and the role of companies and technology in music's diffusion, innovation and commercialization.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and PCUL majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 2P06, COMM 1F90 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P53
Community Development and Social Planning
Geographical approach to conceiving community and planning for community empowerment. Theories and empirical studies from Canada and around the world.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisites: GEOG 2P03 or 2P06; GEOG 2P10 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P56
Physical Geography Field Course
Application of geographical principles and field techniques to problems in physical geography.
Restriction: permission of the Department.
Prerequisite: completion of year 2 GEOG requirements in the BSc GEOG (single or combined) programs.
Note: field work in September in the week following Labour Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3P57.

GEOG 3P57
Human Geography Field Course
Application of geographical principles and field techniques to problems in human geography.
Restriction: permission of the Department.
Prerequisite: completion of year 2 GEOG requirements in the BA GEOG (single or combined) programs.
Note: field work in September in the week following Labour Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3P56.

GEOG 3P60
Geography of Transportation
Geographical aspects of transportation emphasizing the urban transportation problem, including its causes, consequences and potential solutions. Sustainable transportation and its implications for land use planning, transportation and urban design.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P03 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P65
Geography of Rural Development and Tourism
(also offered as TREN 3P65)
Overview of tourism as it intersects with rural development theory, processes and planning. Examination of various social, environmental, cultural and economic problems, consequences and opportunities of tourism in a rural development context. Incorporates examples of rural festivals, wineries and agri-tourism as means to understand appropriate rural tourism development.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior), TREN and TOUR majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F90, TREN 1F90 (ENVI 1P90, 1P91 and TOUR 1P98) or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG (TOUR) 3V60 and TOUR 3P65.

GEOG 3P66
Introduction to Urban and Regional Planning
Evolution of planning theory and history. Investigation of key concepts in planning since the late 19th century. Current trends and challenges in urban and regional planning.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P03 or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3V66.

GEOG 3P69
Geography of Cultural Industries
(also offered as COMM 3P69 and PCUL 3P69)
Theories and models of cultural production including, Cave's organizational model of cultural industries, Scott's model of cultural-product agglomerations, Veblen's theory of the leisure class, and Bourdieu's work on the creative field and habitus. Geography of artistic attraction and regional impacts of cultural policies.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior), COMM and PCUL majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisites: GEOG 2P01 or 2P06; GEOG 2P02, PCUL 2P20 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P74
Geography and Gender
(also offered as WISE 3P74)
Work of feminist geographers. Relationships between gender and space with respect to the organization of the city, architecture of the home, design of the shopping mall, the media, fear, homelessness, gentrification and employment.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and WISE (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P02, 2P03, 2P06, WISE 2P90, 2P91 or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in COMM 3P74.

GEOG 3P79
Nature, Development and the Politics of Knowledge
(also offered as INTC 3P79)
Recent theories regarding the social construction of nature and their implications for refiguring the colonial and postcolonial history of development and for envisioning a more just world order. Analysis of the production of old and new knowledge of nature and of their translation into environmental and development polices.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P13, TREN 2P28, 3P19, 3P21, POLI 2F20, 2F30, ENGL 2P52, SOCI 2P73, 2P85, WISE 2P96, HIST 2P99 or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 2Q96 (2P96).

GEOG 3P80
Geography and International Development
(also offered as INTC 3P80)
Analysis of international development theory, policy and practice. Development's relation to globalization, imperialism and neo-colonialism. Development solutions to environmental problems. Selected case studies from the developing world.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 1F90, INTC (INTL) 1F90 (1P95) or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P83
Geography of Water Resources
(also offered as ERSC 3P83)
Physical and human factors affecting patterns of use and development of water resources. Emphasis on patterns of supply and demand, approaches to development and management of the resource, problems and alternative strategies.
Lectures, lab, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 1F90, 1F91, ERSC 1F01(1F95) or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P84
Themes in Political Geography
Introduction to political geography with primary emphasis on contemporary themes, including geopolitics, economic globalization, global sustainability theory, evolution and emergent issues of the nation-state, new regionalism and place-based politics, and the local-global role of the new social movements.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P02, 2P06 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P85
Ecology of a Changing Planet
(also offered as BIOL 3P85 and ERSC 3P85)
Impact of environmental change and human activity on ecosystems. Topics include climate change and global warming, habitat fragmentation, extinction, invasive species, conservation biology and the management of ecological integrity.
Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P09, BIOL 2P05, 2Q04.

GEOG 3P86
Themes in Cultural Geography
Geographies of culture and cultural politics emphasizing heritage issues focussing on ways in which relationships of power become manifest in material and symbolic landscapes.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P06 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P87
Themes in Historical Geography
Literature, philosophies and methodologies of historical geography, including sections exploring the traditions of the field as well as current debates. Uses and limitations of primary source materials such as newspapers, oral traditions and government documents.
Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P06 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 3P95
Advanced Geographic Information Systems
(also offered as ERSC 3P95)
Further study of geographic information systems emphasizing vector and database applications and advanced analytical operations. Practical work using Idrisi and MapInfo Professional.
Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide.
Prerequisite: GEOG 3P05.

GEOG 3Q99
Field School-Quaternary Geology
(also offered as ERSC 3Q99)
Field and laboratory methods for analysis of Quaternary landscapes based on field sites including fluvial, hillslope, coastal, glacial, and biosphere examples.
Lectures, lab, 5 hours per week.
Restriction: consult the Department regarding permission to register.
Prerequisite: GEOG 2P17 (ERSC 2P12).

GEOG 3V60-3V69
Special Topics in Geography
Topics selected from year to year on the basis of faculty expertise.

GEOG 3V90-3V99
Selected Field Studies and Directed Readings
Application of geographical methods and techniques to the analysis of field data and problems; two weeks of field work in a selected area.
Restriction: permission of the Department.
Note: experience in hiking and wilderness travel recommended.

GEOG 4F90
Honours Thesis
Individual research project carried out under the direction of a faculty adviser.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) majors with a minimum 80 percent major average and approval to year 4 (honours) or permission of the Department.
Note: students contemplating a thesis must consult with the Department by March 15 of the preceding academic year. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Assistant. A detailed proposal must be submitted in writing before May 1st prior to entering year 4.

GEOG 4F99
Honours Internship
Internship on a specific geographic problem or task under either the direction of a faculty member, or in a government or private agency working under the supervision of that agency.
Internship, 8 hours per week for 15 weeks; seminar, 3 hours per week for 9 weeks.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) majors with approval to year 4 (honours) and permission of the Department.

GEOG 4P03
Advanced Cartography
Research, discussion and synthesis of a selected issue in modern cartography or the conception, compilation and design of a map illustrative of a specific theme.
Lab, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: GEOG 3P04 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P07
Advanced Remote Sensing
(also offered as ERSC 4P07)
Theory and practice of in situ, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing. Emphasis on techniques used to study natural and human-made environments. Topics include data acquisition and preprocessing, image analysis, accuracy assessment and the production of information products. Image processing and analyses using commercially available image-analysis software.
Lectures, lab, 4 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: GEOG 3P07 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P12
Research Topics in Applied Climatology
Climatological investigations of selected problems in winegrape production, air pollution and climate change.
Seminar, lab and field work, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisites: GEOG 2P04 and 3P13 (3P10) or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P13
Research Topics in Climatic Hazards
Special topics relating to climatic hazards, their impacts and societal adjustments.
Seminar, lab and field work, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisites: GEOG 2P04 and 3P13 (3P10) or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P26
Advanced Fluvial Geomorphology
(also offered as ERSC 4P26)
Steep, rough river systems emphasizing boulder bed and rock bed channels.
Seminar, lab, field work, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite: GEOG 3P36 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P28
Advanced Glacial Sedimentology
(also offered as ERSC 4P28)
Sedimentology of present day glacial environments and of Quaternary sediments. Thermo-mechanical principles of glacier physics as applied to past and present glacier ice conditions. Glacial lithofacies associations. Glacio-tectonics and diagenesis. Principles of glacial erosion, entrainment and deposition.
Lectures, lab, field work, 5 hours per week.
Prerequisite: GEOG 3P24, 3P26 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P46
Cities and Globalization
Major debates on urban change under the impact of globalization. Topics include relations between economic restructuring and urban form, spatial relations within and among cities, social and cultural composition in globalizing cities, and the role of architecture and urban design.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisites: GEOG 1F90; GEOG 3P45, 3P47 or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG (INTL) 3P46.

GEOG 4P51
Advanced Geography of Music
Selected debates, themes and research topics examining the relationships among music, cultural identity, political economy and place.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 3P51, 3P69, 3P84, 3P86, 3P87 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P60
Advanced Urban-Economic Geography
Conceptual and theoretical background to recent developments in global cities and service industries.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisites: one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)99 from group A.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in 4F50.

GEOG 4P61
Research Themes in Urban-Economic Geography
Methodological and ethical issues related to empirical research on global cities and service industries.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: GEOG 4P60 or permission of the instructor.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in 4F50.

GEOG 4P62
Advanced Transportation Geography
Selected debates, themes and research topics related to urban transportation. Application of geographical knowledge and skills to selected local transportation problems.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in the registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: GEOG 3P60 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P65
Contemporary Rural Geographies
Geographic perspectives on social, economic and environmental change in rural settings. Emphasis on issues and challenges facing rural communities and regions within industrialized nations.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 3P45, 3P53, 3P65, 3P66 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P66
Advanced Urban and Regional Planning
Evolution of planning theories based primarily upon the work of influential planning figures and visionaries. Application of planning skills to selected local and regional growth and development problems.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: GEOG 3P66 (3V66) or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P67
Economic Growth and Urban Expansion in Developing Countries
Theories and realities of economic growth and urbanization with reference to East Asia. Topics include economic and industrial policies and strategies of three countries, China, Japan and Korea, and their impacts on urban life in the post-war era.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in the registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P02, 2P03 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P70
Advanced Cultural and Social Geography
Selected debates and theoretical themes in the spatiality of culture and social well-being.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P01, 3P51, 3P53, 3P80, 3P86, 3P87 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P71
Research Themes in Cultural and Social Geography
Methodological and ethical issues related to empirical research on the spatiality of culture and social well-being.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P01, 3P51, 3P53, 3P80, 3P86, 3P87 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P72
Landscapes of Knowledge, Power and Resistance
Thematic consideration of different notions of knowledge, power and resistance, as forms of geographical phenomena, and contested conceptualizations of identity, subjectivity, social relations and spaces in Western landscapes.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 3P74, 3P79, 3P86, 3P87 or permission or the instructor.

GEOG 4P75
Resources and Social Movements
Conflicts over resource use and distribution and the mobilization of social movements with strong disruptive potential for political and economic life. The dynamics of these conflicts in relation to the role of the media and to processes of globalization.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 3P50 (3P92) 3P74, 3P79 (2P96 or 2Q96), COMM 3P15, 3P93, HIST 3P52 (3Q92), 3P75, POLI 3P21, 3P33, PSYC (3F10), 3P33, SOCI 3P66 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P77
Advanced Topics in Labour Geographies
Relationship between the geographies of the brain and the geographies of labour. Emphasis on the relevance of psychoanalysis and neuroscience for understanding workplace performance and the uneven geography of human resources.
Seminar 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P01, 2P02, 3P50 (3P92), 3P74 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P80
Dendrochronology
(also offered as BIOL 4P80 and ERSC 4P80)
Principles and use of dendrochronology to study forest dynamics, geomorphic events and paleoenvironmental change; use of tree growth in the study of climate and environmental factors; measurement and statistical analysis of tree growth records.
Lectures, lab, local field trip, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 2P09, BIOL 2P05, 2Q04.

GEOG 4P83
Research Themes in Water Resources
Major debates and conflicts over water resources and their distribution. Topics include the environmental, social, economic and political aspects of water, water resources and their management.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: GEOG 3P83 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P84
Cities and Public Space
Politics and policies governing streets and public spaces of the modern metropolis, and the various social responses to them.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: one credit from GEOG 2P01, 2P06, 3P86 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P87
Advanced Historical Geography
Spatial and temporal articulations of power relations. Selected debates examining the relationships among power, identity, and place in Canadian settings.
Seminar 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).
Prerequisite: one of GEOG 3P51, 3P69, 3P74, 3P86, 3P87 or permission of the instructor.

GEOG 4P92
Critical Engagements in Contemporary Human Geography
Major theoretical, conceptual and philosophical approaches influencing contemporary Western geographical thought and practice including representations of truth, knowledge, power and reality, nature of research questions and methodological considerations.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours).

GEOG 4P95
Directed Readings I
Topic not covered in the Department's regular course offerings.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: permission of the Department.
Note: topics must be chosen in consultation with a faculty member willing to supervise the tutorial.

GEOG 4P96
Directed Readings II
Topic not covered in the Department's regular course offerings.
Seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: permission of the Department.
Note: topics must be chosen in consultation with a faculty member willing to supervise the tutorial.

CO-OP COURSES
GEOG 0N01
Co-op Work Placement I
First co-op work placement (4months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to GEOG Co-op students

GEOG 0N02
Co-op Work Placement II
Second co-op work placement (4months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to GEOG Co-op students.

GEOG 0N03
Co-op Work Placement III
Third co-op work placement (4months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to GEOG Co-op students.

GEOG 0N04
Co-op Work Placement IV
Optional co-op work placement (4months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to GEOG Co-op students.

GEOG 0N05
Work Placement V
Optional co-op work placement (4months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to GEOG Co-op students.

GEOG 0N90
Co-op Training and Development
Framework for the development of learning objectives for individual work terms. Includes orientation to the co-op experience, goal setting, career planning, résumé preparation, and interview skills preparation.
Lectures, presentations, site visits, 2 hours per week.
Restriction: open to GEOG Co-op students.