2006-2007 Undergraduate Calendar-Chemistry

Last updated: July 21, 2006 @ 02:06PM

Chemistry

Chair
Art van der Est

Professors Emeriti
Martin S. Gibson, Richard R. Hiatt, David C. Moule

Professors
Ian D. Brindle, J. Stephen Hartman, Tomas Hudlicky, Jack M. Miller, Andrew G. Reynolds, Mary Frances Richardson, Stuart M. Rothstein, Art van der Est

Associate Professors
Jeffrey K. Atkinson, Heather L. Gordon, Melanie Pilkington, Georgii Nikonov

Assistant Professors
Travis Dudding, Martin T. Lemaire, Costa Metallinos, Hongbin (Tony) Yan

Lecturer
Roger L.J. McLaughlin

Adjunct Professor
Christopher H. Marvin

Senior Demonstrator
Paul Zelisko

Senior Demonstrator - Research Technician
Donna Vukmanic

Co-ordinator, Analytical Services
Tim R. B. Jones

NMR Technologist
Razvan Simionescu

Director, Cooperative Programs
Cindy Dunne

Co-operative Program Co-ordinator
Stuart M. Rothstein

General Information

Administrative Assistant
Christine Skorski

905-688-5550, extension 3406
Mackenzie Chown E206
http://www.brocku.ca/chemistry

Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions with various forms of energy. Brock students are involved in the analysis, synthesis and purification of substances, determining their structures and properties and explaining the mechanisms of processes.
Our programs stress chemical principles and practice through research in organic, inorganic, analytical, physical and theoretical chemistry, with a strong emphasis on the interdisciplinary fields of bio-inorganic and bio-organic chemistry and chemical biophysics. Research interests of the department include development of new chiral ligands, organometallic reagents, and methods for asymmetric synthesis, green chemistry including bacterial dioxygenase-mediated degradation of aromatics, new approaches in natural product synthesis emphasizing morphine alkaloids, design and synthesis of fluorinated inhalation anesthetic agents and unnatural oligo-saccharide conjugates, ligand design and crystal engineering aimed at self-assembly of novel molecule-based materials, organic electrochemistry, energetics of photosynthesis studied by time-resolved electron spin resonance of short-lived paramagnetic intermediates, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, organometallic mass spectrometry, quantum and computational chemistry, pesticide and trace element analysis, protein affinity labelling and protein-lipid interactions, and structure-activity correlations of anticancer pharmaceuticals.

The Honours program in Chemistry is designed to give the student a broad knowledge of chemistry as well as depth in areas in which the student is most interested. A research project must be successfully completed and a thesis written as part of the requirements for an Honours degree. The Honours program and certain combined Honours programs listed below, when taken with CHEM electives, satisfy the requirements for membership in the Chemical Institute of Canada and are the normal requirements for admission to graduate school in chemistry.

The Chemistry Co-op program combines academic and work terms over a four and one half year period. Students spend two years in an academic setting, where they acquire the necessary background prior to taking the first work placement. Successful completion of courses in the core areas of Chemistry provides the necessary academic background for the work experience. In addition to the current fees for courses in academic study terms, Chemistry Co-op students are assessed an annual administrative fee (see the Schedule of Fees).

Eligibility to continue in the Co-op program is based on the student's major average and non-major average. A student with a minimum 70 percent major average and a minimum 60 percent non-major average will be permitted to continue. A student with a major average lower than 70 percent will not be permitted to continue in the Chemistry Co-op program, but may continue in the non Co-op Chemistry stream. For further information, see the Co-op Programs section of the Calendar, and contact the Department of Chemistry.

The requirement for graduation with a Chemistry (Honours) degree is a minimum 70 percent major average and a minimum 60 percent non-major average. The Chemistry Co-op program designation will be awarded to those students who have honours standing and who have successfully completed a minimum of twelve months of Co-op work experience.

The equipment available in the Mackenzie Chown Complex is actively used for both teaching and research. Undergraduate students gain hands-on experience in operating modern equipment for separating of complex mixtures, determining molecular structures, and making quantitative measurements. Newer equipment is computer-controlled and is connected to the University's Ethernet backbone. The department also has a variety of computers and UNIX workstations for advanced computation, data interpretation and molecular modelling.

Instrumentation includes 300-and 600- MHz NMR cryospectrometers for high-resolution solution and solids studies. Mass spectrometry facilities include a high resolution machine with EI, CI and FAB ion sources, an ion trap ESI/LC/MS system, a MALDI/TOF spectrometer and two capillary GC/MS facilities. A number of spectroscopic instruments are available in the research laboratories including time-resolved EPR, ICP and ICP/MS, FTIR, UV/Visible, Fluorescence cuvette and microplate fluorimeters. There are several chromatography systems for HPLC and capillary GC analysis. This instrumentation is augmented by a range of modern facilities available through the Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute, which support work in biochemistry, especially work involving proteins, nucleic acids, yeasts and bacteria.

Students should consult the Department Chair when planning years 3 and 4 of the BSc (Honours) and BSc with Major programs, or year 3 of the BSc (Pass) program.

In addition to its own programs, the Chemistry department participates in combined major programs with six other departments/centres and is also a major participant in the Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Environment, and Oenology and Viticulture programs.

Program Notes

Professional schools may require an introductory PHYS credit with a lab.
The elective credits are normally taken from the Faculty of Mathematics and Science (except ASTR 1F00, BIOL 1F25, CHEM 1P00, ERSC 1F90, 1P92, 1P93 and SCIE 1F30).
APCO 1P93 is recommended. MATH 2F05 is recommended for students interested in physical chemistry and MATH 2P81 and 2P82 are recommended for students interested in analytical chemistry.
CHEM 3P40 and 3P41 are required for CHEM majors and are highly recommended for combined majors. At least one of these is a prerequisite for most projects in CHEM 4F90 and 4F91 and should be taken in year 3 by students intending to proceed to a year 4 thesis in Chemistry. Combined majors proceeding to research in organic and inorganic chemistry must take CHEM 3P40 while combined majors proceeding to research in analytical, physical, and theoretical chemistry must take CHEM 3P41.
Students planning to pursue graduate studies in Chemistry are strongly recommended to take at least two and one-half CHEM credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above covering at least three of the sub- disciplines of physical, inorganic, analytical and organic chemistry, in addition to CHEM 4F90 and 4F91. Chemistry majors planning to pursue graduate studies in biochemistry or biological chemistry are strongly recommended to take CHEM 4P27, 4P67, or 4P68, and two additional year 4 CHEM credits.
Students with a minimum 70 percent in Grade 12U chemistry take CHEM 1F92. They may not take CHEM 1P00 without permission from the Department, which is granted only in exceptional cases.
In all 20 credit degree programs, at least 12 credits must be numbered 2(alpha)00 or above, six of which must be numbered 2(alpha)90 or above and of these, three must be numbered 3(alpha)90 or above. In all 15 credit degree programs, at least seven credits must be numbered 2(alpha)00 or above, three of which must be numbered 2(alpha)90 or above.

Honours Program

Year 1

·	CHEM 1F92 (see program note 6)
·	PHYS 1P21 or 1P91 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	one of PHYS 1P22 or 1P92 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	MATH 1P01 and 1P02
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Social Science context credit

Year 2

·	CHEM 2P12, 2P20, 2P21, 2P32, 2P42 and 2P63
·	one of PHYS 2P20, 2P31, 2P50, 2P51
·	one-half APCO/COSC or MATH credit (see program note 3)
·	one elective credit (see program note 2)

Year 3

·	CHEM 3P40 and 3P41
·	two and one-half credits from CHEM 3P20, 3P21, 3P30, 3P31, 3P51, 3P53, 3P63
·	one of PHYS 2P20, 2P31, 2P50, 2P51 (not taken in year 2)
·	one elective credit (CHEM 3P60 recommended; see program notes 2 and 5)

Year 4

·	CHEM 4F90 and 4F91
·	one credit from CHEM 3P20, 3P21, 3P30, 3P31, 3P51, 3P53, 3P63 (not taken in year 3)
·	one CHEM credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	one elective credit (see program notes 2 and 5)

Chemistry Co-op (Honours only)

Students admitted to the Chemistry Co-op program must follow an approved program pattern. The most common pattern is listed below. For other approved patterns, consult the Co-op Office.

Year 1

·	CHEM 1F92 (see program note 6)
·	PHYS 1P21 or 1P91 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	one of PHYS 1P22 or 1P92 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	MATH 1P01 and 1P02
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Social Science context credit

Year 2

·	CHEM 2P12, 2P20, 2P21, 2P32, 2P42 and 2P63
·	SCIE 0N90
·	one of PHYS 2P20, 2P31, 2P50, 2P51
·	one-half APCO or MATH credit (see program note 3)
·	one elective credit (see program note 2)

Spring/Summer Sessions:

CHEM 0N01

Year 3
Fall Term:

·	CHEM 3P20, 3P30, 3P40 and 3P51
·	one of PHYS 2P20, 2P31, 2P50, 2P51 (not taken in year 2) or one-half elective credit

Winter Term:

CHEM 0N02

Year 4
Fall Term:

CHEM 0N03

Winter Term:

·	CHEM 3P21, 3P31, 3P41, 3P53, 3P63

Year 5

·	CHEM 4F90 and 4F91
·	one CHEM credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	two elective credits

Research-oriented Co-op (Honours only)

Year 1

·	CHEM 1F92 (see program note 6)
·	PHYS 1P21 or 1P91 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	PHYS 1P22 or 1P92 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	MATH 1P01 and 1P02
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Social Science context credit

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	one-half elective credit

Year 2

·	CHEM 2P12, 2P20, 2P21, 2P32, 2P42 and 2P63
·	APCO 1P93
·	MATH 2F05, or MATH 2P81and 2P82
·	one of PHYS 2P20, 2P31, 2P50, 2P51
·	SCIE 0N90

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	CHEM 0N01 and 2P98

Year 3
Fall Term:

·	CHEM 3P20, 3P30, 3P40 and 3P51
·	one of PHYS 2P20, 2P31, 2P50, 2P51 (not taken in year 2), or one-half elective credit

Winter Term:

CHEM 0N02

Year 4
Fall Term:

·	CHEM 0N03 and 3P98

Winter Term:

·	CHEM 3P21, 3P31, 3P41, 3P53 and 3P63

Spring/Summer Sessions:

·	CHEM 4F90 and 4F91

Year 5
Fall Term:

·	one-half CHEM credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	one elective credit (see program note 7)

BSc Honours in Chemistry: Environmental stream (Honours only)

The following has a biological content. A similar pattern with ERSC or GEOG courses replacing BIOL courses is possible. Consult the Chair. This program does not satisfy the requirements for membership in the Chemical Institute of Canada.

Year 1

·	CHEM 1F92 (see program note 6)
·	BIOL 1F90
·	MATH 1P01 and 1P02 or MATH 1P97 and 1P98
·	PHYS 1P21 or 1P91 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	PHYS 1P22 or 1P92 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	TREN 1F90

Year 2

·	CHEM 2P12 or 2P63
·	CHEM 2P20, 2P21, 2P32 and 2P42
·	BIOL 2Q04
·	PHYS 1P23
·	one-half BIOL credit
·	one Humanities context credit

Year 3

·	CHEM 3P20, 3P21, 3P30, 3P31, 3P40, 3P41 and 3P60
·	TREN 3P24
·	one elective credit (BIOL recommended)

Year 4

·	CHEM 4F90, 4F91 and 4P41
·	TREN 4P88
·	one-half CHEM credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	one and one-half elective credits (CHEM or BIOL recommended)

BSc with Major Program

This program differs from the Honours program in that honours standing is not required for entry into year 4, and year 4 does not include the research project and thesis courses (CHEM 4F90 and 4F91). Combined majors should consult the Chair.

Year 1

·	CHEM 1F92 (see program note 6)
·	PHYS 1P21 or 1P91 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	PHYS 1P22 or 1P92 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	MATH 1P01 and 1P02
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Social Science context credit

Year 2

·	CHEM 2P12, 2P20, 2P21, 2P32, 2P42 and 2P63
·	one of PHYS 2P20, 2P31, 2P50, 2P51
·	one-half APCO or MATH credit (see program note 3)
·	one elective credit (see program note 2)

Year 3

·	CHEM 3P40 and 3P41
·	two credits from CHEM 3P20, 3P21, 3P30, 3P31, 3P51, 3P53
·	one of PHYS 2P20, 2P31, 2P50, 2P51 (not taken in year 2)
·	one and one-half elective credits (CHEM 3P60 recommended; see program notes 2 and 5)

Year 4

·	one credit from CHEM 3P20, 3P21, 3P30, 3P31, 3P40, 3P51, 3P53 (not taken in year 3)
·	three CHEM credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above
·	one elective credit (CHEM 3P60 and either CHEM 3P62 or 3P63 recommended)

Pass Program

Satisfactory completion of the first three years of the Honours program entitles a student to apply for a Pass degree.

Biochemistry

Consult the Biochemistry calendar entry for a listing of courses and program requirements.

Biotechnology

Consult the Biotechnology calendar entry for a listing of courses and program requirements.

Concurrent BSc/BEd

The Department of Chemistry and the Faculty of Education co-operate in offering two Concurrent BSc (Honours)/BEd programs. The Chemistry BSc (Honours)/BEd programs combines the BA Honours program or BA Integrated Studies Honours program with the teacher education program for students interested in teaching at the Intermediate/Senior level (grades 7-12) and at the Junior/Intermediate level (grades 4-10). Refer to the Education - Concurrent BSc (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) or Education - Concurrent BSc Integrated Studies (Honours)/BEd (Junior/Intermediate) program listings for further information.

Combined Major Program

Combined Honours and Pass programs can be taken in Chemistry/Biology, Chemistry/Computer Science (Honours only), Chemistry/Earth Sciences, Chemistry/Environment, Chemistry/Mathematics and Chemistry/Physics. In most of the combined major programs a research project must be successfully completed and a thesis written as part of the requirements for an Honours degree.

Chemistry and Mathematics

Honours

Year 1

·	CHEM 1F92 (see program note 6)
·	MATH 1P01, 1P02, 1P12 and 1P40
·	PHYS 1P21 or 1P91 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	PHYS 1P22 or 1P92 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	one Humanities context credit or Social Science context credit

Year 2

·	CHEM 2P12 or 2P63
·	CHEM 2P20, 2P32 and 2P42
·	MATH 2P12
·	MATH 2F05, or MATH 2P03 and 2P08
·	one of PHYS 2P20, 2P31, 2P50, 2P51
·	the Humanities context credit or Social Science context credit not taken in year 1

Year 3

·	CHEM 3P40 or 3P41
·	CHEM 3P51 and 3P53
·	MATH 2F40, 2P81, 2P82, 3P08 and 3P09
·	one-half CHEM credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above

Year 4

·	CHEM 4F90 and 4F91
·	CHEM 3P20 and 3P21, or CHEM 3P30 and 3P31
·	MATH 2P12 and 3P60
·	one CHEM or MATH credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above

Pass

Satisfactory completion of the first three years of the Honours program entitles a student to apply for a Pass degree.

Chemistry and Physics

Honours

Year 1

·	CHEM 1F92 (see program note 6)
·	PHYS 1P21 or 1P91 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	PHYS 1P22 or 1P92 (recommended; see program note 1)
·	MATH 1P01 and 1P02
·	one Humanities context credit
·	one Social Science context credit

Year 2

·	CHEM 2P12, 2P20, 2P32 and 2P42
·	PHYS 2P20, 2P31, 2P50 and 2P51
·	MATH 2F05

Year 3

·	CHEM 2P63 and 3P51
·	PHYS 3P35 and 3P36
·	MATH 3P08 and 3P09
·	one and one-half credits from CHEM 3P20, 3P21, 3P30, 3P31, 3P40, 3P41, 3P53
·	one-half elective credit

Year 4

·	CHEM 4F90 and 4F91 or PHYS 4F90 and 4F91
·	one of CHEM 3P20, 3P21, 3P30, 3P31, 3P40, 3P41, 3P53
·	one CHEM or PHYS credit numbered 2(alpha)90 or above
·	one of PHYS 3P20, 4P61, 4P70
·	one elective credit (see program note 7)

Pass

Satisfactory completion of the first three years of the Honours program entitles a student to apply for a Pass degree.

Brock-Mohawk College Articulation Agreement

This agreement allows Brock to admit Mohawk graduates who have a minimum 78 percent overall average in the Chemical Engineering Technology Program to the Honours BSc program in Chemistry. Students automatically receive 6.5 credits towards the Honours BSc program in Chemistry.

Minor in Chemistry

Students in other disciplines may obtain a minor in chemistry within their degree program by completing the following courses with a minimum 60 percent average:

·	CHEM 1F92
·	two CHEM credits numbered 2(alpha)00 or above
·	one CHEM credit numbered 3(alpha)00 or above

Master of Science (MSc) Program

Candidates with either an Honours or a (Pass) BA or a BSc degree in Chemistry, or equivalent, may apply to the Director of the Graduate Studies Office for entry into this program. Candidates holding a Pass degree will be required to take a qualifying year, similar to year 4 of the Honours program, before formally enrolling for the MSc degree. Candidates may be required to write Graduate Record Aptitude and Advanced Chemistry Examinations.

Candidates with an Honours degree, or who have completed a qualifying year, require a minimum of one year of full-time study. The department offers a wide range of courses and research opportunities in analytical, inorganic, organic, physical and theoretical chemistry.

For further information about the MSc program see the Graduate Calendar and the department's Graduate Studies brochure.

Course Descriptions

Note that not all courses are offered in every session. Refer to the applicable term timetable for details.

# Indicates a cross listed course
* Indicates a primary offering of a cross listed course

Prerequisites and Restrictions

Students must check to ensure that prerequisites are met. Students may be deregistered, at the request of the instructor, from any course for which prerequisites and/or restrictions have not been met.
CHEM 1F92
Chemical Principles and Properties
A chemical approach to describing the natural world. Molecular structure, shapes, and behaviour of molecules emphasizing organic compounds. Bonding and intermolecular interactions; the states of matter; solutions and their properties. Thermochemistry, entropy, free energy, chemical equilibrium, and reaction rates. Labs emphasize chemical syntheses, stoichiometry, and modern analytical techniques.
Lectures, 3 hours per week; plus a minimum of six 3-hour labs per term.
Prerequisite: a minimum 70 percent grade in Grade 12U chemistry (or equivalent course), CHEM 1P00, or permission of the Department.

CHEM 1P00
Introductory Chemistry
Fundamental principles of chemistry. Topics include atomic structure and the periodic table, names and formulas of chemical compounds, principles of chemical bonding, types of chemical reactions, and basic chemical calculations. Tutorials emphasize the development and practice of problem solving skills.
Lectures, 3 hours per week; lab, tutorial and problems solving session, 3 hours per week.
Note: not open to students with 70 percent or greater in Grade 12U chemistry (or equivalent course). CHEM 1P00 is designed to assist those with insufficient background in chemistry to succeed in CHEM 1F92. Students with less than 70 percent in Grade 12U chemistry, or who have not taken an advanced high school chemistry course are allowed take CHEM 1F92 instead of CHEM 1P00 by permission of the Department if they pass a written test of basic chemistry knowledge, to be administered before classes begin.

CHEM 1P90
Chemical Principles and Properties
General chemistry, stoichiometry, inorganic and organic structures and reactions. Laboratory work includes chemical purification and analysis.
Lectures, 3 hours per week; plus a minimum of six 3-hour labs.
Restriction: open to CAST majors.

CHEM 2P12
Introduction to Modern Physical Chemistry
Phase equilibrium; gas phase kinetics; electronic structure of atoms and molecules; interaction of light with matter.
Lectures, 3 hours per week; tutorial, 1 hour per week; plus a minimum of six 3-hour labs.
Prerequisites: CHEM 1F92; MATH 1P01 and 1P02 (preferred), or MATH 1P97.

CHEM 2P20
Principles of Organic Chemistry I
An introduction to the principles and techniques of organic chemistry; correlation of reactions and physical properties of organic compounds with structure and energetic concepts. Introduction to applications of spectroscopy in organic chemistry and biochemistry. Selected experiments in organic preparations and techniques.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 1F92.

CHEM 2P21
Principles of Organic Chemistry II
Introduction to aromatic molecules and electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Chemistry of natural products, their origin and biological significance. Topics include concepts of carbonyl and carbohydrate chemistry, DNA and an introduction to amino acids and proteins. Selected experiments in organic synthesis, and characterization and analysis.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 2P20.

CHEM 2P32
Principles of Inorganic Chemistry
A survey of the periodic table stressing periodicity of chemical behaviour. Chemistry and reactions in aqueous solutions; structure and bonding in simple compounds; applications to biological and environmental processes.
Lectures, 3 hours per week; plus a minimum of six 3-hour labs.
Prerequisite: CHEM 1F92.

CHEM 2P42
Introduction to Analytical Chemistry
Introduction to separation methods such as chromatography, solvent extraction and precipitation; use of buffers for pH-control; statistical treatment of analytical data including normal distributions, significance testing and linear regression.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 1F92.

CHEM 2P63
Introduction to Biophysical Chemistry
(also offered as BTEC 2P63)
Physical chemistry as applied to biological sciences. Introductory thermodynamics, kinetics, equilibria, and transport phenomena as applied to proteins, biological membranes and other biological systems. Laboratory work includes kinetic measurements, equilibrium constant measurements and protein purification and characterization.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisites: CHEM 1F92; MATH 1P01 and 1P02 (preferred), or MATH 1P97.

CHEM 2P98
Undergraduate Research
Undergraduate research project carried out either in the department under the supervision of a faculty member or as an employee in a chemical industry or other suitable laboratory.
Restriction: open to CHEM (single or combined) majors and permission of the Department.
Note: if both CHEM 2P98 and CHEM 3P98 are taken, only one of these may be based on work done in the department.

CHEM 3P20
Structure and Reactivity of Organic Molecules
Methods for functional group manipulation including oxidation, reduction and the use of protecting groups in organic chemistry. General methods for carbon-carbon bond formation emphasizing three dimensional structure and mechanism. Modern methods of asymmetric synthesis. Selected experiments in synthetic organic chemistry and the handling of air and water sensitive reagents.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 2P21 or permission of the Department.
Note: CHEM 3P40 recommended. May be taken concurrently.

CHEM 3P21
Organic Reactions
The chemistry of amines, heterocyclic and heteroaromatic compounds. Pericyclic reactions and reactive intermediates. Molecular rearrangements, peptide synthesis and protecting groups, design of organic synthesis. Introduction to organic photochemistry and the chemistry of carbenes.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P20.

CHEM 3P30
Main Group Inorganic Chemistry
Systematic inorganic and organometallic chemistry of the transition elements, emphasizing structure, bonding and reactivity in inorganic and organometallic compounds. Selected experiments in inorganic and organometallic synthesis; use of modern structural methods for determination of composition, structure and bonding.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 2P32.
Note: CHEM 3P40 recommended. May be taken concurrently.
Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in CHEM 3P32.

CHEM 3P31
Transition Metal Chemistry
Continuation of CHEM 3P30, emphasizing the main group elements.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P30 (3P32).
Note: CHEM 3P40 recommended. May be taken concurrently.

CHEM 3P40
Spectroscopic Techniques for Structure Elucidation
Use of instrumental methods for the determination of structures of molecules. Techniques will include mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, covered Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, visible and UV spectroscopy, computerized data manipulation. Molecular modelling software may be included for three-dimensional visualization of complex molecules.
Lectures, tutorial, 6 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 9.0 overall credits.
Prerequisite: CHEM 2P20.

CHEM 3P41
Instrumental Methods for Quantitative Analysis
Use of instrumental methods for quantitative determination of elements and molecular species. Techniques include chromatography, atomic spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence spec-trometry, nuclear emission and neutron-activation analysis, introduction to electroanalytical techniques. Emphasis on sample preparation and cleanup and aspects of quality assurance/quality control.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 9.0 overall credits.
Prerequisite: CHEM 2P42.

CHEM 3P51
Quantum Chemistry
Schrodinger equation, solution of the harmonic oscillator problem, hydrogen atom, angular momentum theory, variational method with applications to atomic and molecular systems, molecular orbital theory and simple group theory. Introduction to FORTRAN 77.
Lectures, 3 hours per week; lab, 2 hours per week; tutorial, 1 hour per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 2P12 or 2P63.

CHEM 3P53
Atomic and Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy
Group theory and theory of electro-magnetic radiation and spectroscopic transitions. Rotational and vibrational spectroscopy (Microwave, IR, Raman); atomic and molecular electronic spectroscopy (UV/Visible); magnetic resonance (NMR, EPR); X-ray crystallography.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P51.

CHEM 3P60
Industrial Chemistry
Principles and practice of industrial chemistry. A survey of the chemical industry, pollution control, plant design, corrosion and similar topics. Selected industrial processes will be discussed in detail. Tours of chemical plants and industrial laboratories.
Lectures, 3 hours per week; seminars and plant tours, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite: one credit from CHEM 2P12, 2P20, 2P32, 2P42, 2P63.

CHEM 3P62
Bio-organic Chemistry
(also offered as BTEC 3P62)
Mechanistic description of the biosynthesis and metabolism of natural products including alkaloids, terpenes and acetate-derived compounds. Selected examples of biologically/medicinally active classes of natural products along with their physiological modes of activity.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 2P21.

CHEM 3P63
Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
(also offered as BTEC 3P63)
Structure and chemistry of proteins and nucleic acids. Selected aspects of transcription, translation, protein folding, post-translational modification, targeting, synthesis and sequencing, and detection techniques.
Lectures, lab, 6 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 2P21.

CHEM 3P98
Undergraduate Research
Undergraduate research project carried out either in the department under the supervision of a faculty member or as an employee in a chemical industry or other suitable laboratory.
Restriction: open to CHEM (single or combined) majors with 9.0 overall credits and permission of the Department.
Note: if both CHEM 2P98 and CHEM 3P98 are taken, only one of these may be based on work done in the department.

CHEM 4F90
Research Project
Experimental or theoretical research to be carried out under faculty supervision.
Restriction: open to CHEM (single or combined) and BCHM majors with approval to year 4 (honours) and permission of the Chair.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P40 or 3P41.
Co-requisite: CHEM 4F91.

CHEM 4F91
Thesis
The thesis incorporates the results of the research in CHEM 4F90 and forms the basis for a seminar to be presented by the student.
Restriction: open to CHEM (single or combined) and BCHM majors with approval to year 4 (honours) and permission of the Chair.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P40 or 3P41.
Co-requisite: CHEM 4F90.

CHEM 4P01
Special Topics
Tutorials, seminars, special projects or directed readings in an area of chemistry.
Lectures/seminar/ tutorial, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: open to CHEM (single or combined) majors with a minimum of 14.0 overall credits and permission of the Chair.

CHEM 4P14
Statistical Thermodynamic in Chemistry and Biology
Ensembles, entropy, free energy, statistical mechanics of simple gases and solids, heat capacity, chemical equilibrium, substrate binding, water as a solvent, and polymers and biopolymers.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P51.
Co-requisite: CHEM 3P53.

CHEM 4P17
Biophysical Photochemistry
Principles of light induced processes such as electron, energy and signal transfer and their role in biological systems. Marcus theory, Dexter and Foerster mechanisms of energy transfer. The optical and magnetic resonance spectroscopy of excited states.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P40, 3P53 or permission of the instructor.

CHEM 4P18
Computational Chemistry: Applications in Biotechnology
(also offered as BTEC 4P18)
Structure-based drug design, molecular modelling, conformational search techniques, secondary and tertiary protein structure prediction, quantitative structure activity relationships and bioinformatics.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 13.5 overall credits.
Prerequisite: CHEM 2P12 or 2P63.

CHEM 4P21
Organic Reactions and Synthesis
The disconnection approach to organic synthesis. Problems of chemo-, regio- and stereo-selectivity. Appreciation of elaborate syntheses. Synthetic organic chemistry topics from the recent literature.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P21.

CHEM 4P22
Organic Reactions and Mechanisms
Topics include conformational analysis, introduction to transition state theory and the description of stereo and electronic control in organic reactions. Pertinent applications will be taken from the recent literature.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P21.

CHEM 4P23
Organometallics in Organic Synthesis
Use of organometallic reagents for organic transformations. Metalation and trans-metalation using organolithium, magnesium, cerium and zinc reagents; stable precursors and reactive intermediates in transition metal catalyzed organic reactions employing palladium, nickel, ruthenium, and other metals. Topics from recent literature involving applications to organic synthesis, emphasizing stereoselectivity.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P21.

CHEM 4P27
Enzyme and Co-enzyme Mechanisms
(also offered as BTEC 4P27)
Hydrolytic and other processes catalyzed by enzymes lacking non-protein prosthetic groups; transferase reactions involving biotin, pyridoxal phosphate, thiamine pyrophosphate, folic acid and cobalamin; oxidation mechanisms involving pyridine nucleotides, flavoenzymes, hydroperoxidases and oxgenases.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisites: CHEM 2P21, BCHM 3P01and 3P02.

CHEM 4P31
Advanced Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
Continuation of CHEM 3P30 and 3P31 focussing on advanced topics of inorganic and organometallic chemistry of main group and transition metal elements, emphasizing the use of modern physical methods for determination of composition, structure and bonding of inorganic and organometallic compounds.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P31 and CHEM 3P53.
Note: CHEM 3P53 may be taken concurrently with permission of the instructor.

CHEM 4P32
Bio-inorganic Chemistry
Principles governing selection, uptake, storage, transport, and role of metal ions in biological processes. Topics include electron-transfer systems, substrate binding and activation by nonredox enzymes, metal-containing drugs, and biomineralization.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Restriction: students must have a minimum of 12.0 overall credits.
Prerequisites: CHEM 2P21 and 2P32.

CHEM 4P41
Enviro-Analytical Chemistry
Chemical speciation studied by a variety of modern analytical techniques. Transport and fate of various compounds and elements in the environment.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM 3P41.

CHEM 4P67
Biophysical Techniques
(also offered as BCHM 4P67 and BTEC 4P67)
Modern instrumental methods of biotechnology emphasizing understanding theory. Development of newer technologies which utilize biological components. Topics include optical, X-ray and NMR techniques, separation techniques, hybridization assays, immunoassays, biosensors and mass spectral techniques; membrane chemistry.
Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisites: CHEM 2P21 and 2P63 or permission of the instructor.

CHEM 4P68
Biotransformations
(also offered as BTEC 4P68)
The organic reactions carried out by isolated enzymes, fungal cultures and bacteria. The production of pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial chemicals by biological processes.
Lectures, 3 hours per week.
Prerequisite: one of CHEM 3P20, 3P62, 3P63 or permission of the instructor.

CHEM 4P92
Library Research and Seminar
Detailed study of the scientific literature under faculty supervision.
Restriction: open to students in the BSc with a Major in Chemistry program with a minimum of 15.0 overall credits or permission of the Department.
Note: the results of the study will be written up in a major essay and presented as a formal seminar.

CO-OP COURSES
CHEM 0N01
Work Placement I
First co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to CHEM Co-op students.

CHEM 0N02
Work Placement II
Second co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to CHEM Co-op students.

CHEM 0N03
Work Placement III
Third co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to CHEM Co-op students.

CHEM 0N04
Work Placement IV
Optional Co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to CHEM Co-op students.

CHEM 0N05
Work Placement V
Optional Co-op work placement (4 months) with an approved employer.
Restriction: open to CHEM Co-op students.

SCIENCE
SCIE 1F30
Science and Society
For non-science majors, basic questions and problems in understanding the nature of science and technology and their impact on contemporary society. Some questions addressed: how are scientific theories formulated· What is pollution· What is the relation of science to ethics and public policy·
Lectures, 3 hours per week; seminar, 1 hour, alternate weeks.
Note: co-ordinated through the Department of Chemistry.

CO-OP COURSE
SCIE 0N90
Co-op Training and Development
Framework for the development of learning objectives for individual work terms, for students in the co-op programs in the Faculty of Mathematics and Science. Includes orientation to the co-op experience, goal setting, career planning, resume preparation and interview skills preparation.
Lectures, presentations, site visits, 2 hours per week.
Restriction: open to Science Co-op students.
Note: see Director of Co-op Programs Office.