Fernando Avila

Assistant Professor, Critical Criminology

Fernando Avila posing for a photo with mountains in the background.

Office: STH 412
905-688-5550 x5304
[email protected]

Education:
PhD, Centre for Criminology & Sociolegal Studies, University of Toronto
MA in Criminology, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
LLM in Criminal Law, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
LLB in Law, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina

I am an interdisciplinary scholar from Argentina with a research program rooted in decolonial perspectives, challenging conventional criminological frameworks that reinforce systems of exclusion and control. My work spans criminology, postcolonial studies, punishment and society, and sociolegal studies, critically examining how societies define, regulate, and respond to crime, risk, and marginalized populations; how punishment is justified; and whose lives are rendered disposable—with a particular focus on the Global South. My perspective is shaped by my background as a human rights and criminal lawyer, as well as my involvement in advocacy and justice reform initiatives aimed at challenging carceral expansion and punitive governance.

My doctoral research involved extensive ethnographic fieldwork inside Punta de Rieles, a medium-security prison in Uruguay, where I explored alternative models of prison governance that disrupt traditional carceral logics. This work examines how prisoners participate in institutional decision-making, offering critical insights into non-punitive governance and the possibilities for alternative justice frameworks. More broadly, my research investigates exceptional carceral practices that challenge dominant punitive norms and inform legal reforms aimed at reducing human suffering and expanding decarceral possibilities.

More recently, I have been examining the growing entanglement of AI, big data, and criminal justice, exposing how algorithmic decision-making, predictive analytics, and risk assessments reinforce racialized social control and deepen structural inequalities. My research critically interrogates the ways in which digital governance converges with traditional punitive structures, extending logics of surveillance, punishment, and exclusion into new technological terrains.

I employ qualitative methods, including ethnography, in-depth interviews, and policy analysis, to explore the evolving intersections of punishment, governance, and resistance. My work is deeply influenced by activism and advocacy, and I collaborate with NGOs and government organizations working toward justice reform and the reduction of carceral logics.

  • Punishment
  • Prisons
  • Global South Criminology & Postcolonial Studies
  • AI, Technology & Criminal Justice
  • Qualitative & Ethnographic Methods
  • Avila, F., & Hannah-Moffat, K. (2023). “Prospective but Disconnected Partners: Epistemology, Translations and AI informed Criminal Risk Prediction Algorithms.” Book chapter in Handbook of Critical Studies of Artificial Intelligence.
  • Avila, F., & Sozzo, M. (2022). The “Prisoner-Entrepreneur”: Responsibilization and Co-governance at Punta de Rieles Prison in Uruguay. In: Sozzo, M. (eds) Prisons, Inmates and Governance in Latin America. Palgrave Studies in Prisons and Penology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
  • Avila, F., & Bundy J. (2021). Prison abolitionism and critical race theory. In Montford, K.S., & Taylor, C. (Eds.). (2021). Building Abolition: Decarceration and Social Justice (1st ed.). Routledge.
  • Avila, F., Hannah-Moffat, K., & Maurutto, P. (2020). The Seductiveness of Fairness: Is Machine Learning the Answer? – Algorithmic Fairness in Criminal Justice Systems. In M. Schuilenburg & R. Peeters (Eds.), The algorithmic society: Technology, power, and knowledge. Routledge.
  • Avila, F., & Sozzo, M. (2020). Peculiar responsibilization? Exploring a governing strategy in an atypical prison in the Global South. Punishment & Society. http://doi.org/10.1177/1462474520972464

At this time, I am not accepting new students, but I encourage those interested in prisons, punishment, justice reform, or the role of technology in criminal justice to explore relevant courses and research initiatives within the department. If you have questions or would like to discuss these topics further, feel free to reach out.