{"id":90810,"date":"2024-02-08T14:00:30","date_gmt":"2024-02-08T19:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/?p=90810"},"modified":"2024-02-08T16:54:25","modified_gmt":"2024-02-08T21:54:25","slug":"brock-linguist-studies-richness-of-african-languages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/2024\/02\/brock-linguist-studies-richness-of-african-languages\/","title":{"rendered":"Brock linguist studies richness of African languages"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>From day one, Jean Ntakirutimana consistently spoke to his two daughters in the language of his birthplace, Burundi.<\/p>\n<p>The Brock University linguist read them bedtime stories from the African country and regularly conversed with the girls. They would answer back in French, English and Kirundi while growing up in Quebec and Ontario.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMy daughters are a living example of how important and valuable a mother tongue can be,\u201d says Ntakirutimana, adding that his daughters, now adults, often express how gratified they are to be able to speak, read and fairly write Kirundi.<\/p>\n<p>But it\u2019s not just fatherly pride that pleases Ntakirutimana about his daughters\u2019 comments.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLinguists agree that, in the world, we have around <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wal.unesco.org\/\">7,000 living languages<\/a>,\u201d says the Associate Professor of Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures. \u201cAnd every year, languages are disappearing because native speakers are not transferring the language to their children.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Worldwide, experts estimate that 1,500 known languages will disappear by the end of this century. Most of these are Indigenous languages.<\/p>\n<p>According to UNESCO\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/in\/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&amp;id=p::usmarcdef_0000187026&amp;file=\/in\/rest\/annotationSVC\/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment\/attach_import_70c069f5-be69-478d-80ca-47a6ce68c154%3F_%3D187026eng.pdf&amp;locale=en&amp;multi=true&amp;ark=\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000187026\/PDF\/187026eng.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A206%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D\">Atlas of the World\u2019s Languages in Danger<\/a>, sub-Saharan Africa is home to about one-third \u2014 or around 2,000 \u2014 of the world\u2019s languages. Up to 10 per cent of these languages are expected to be extinct within 100 years.<\/p>\n<p>Ntakirutimana says this a \u201cbig loss for humanity\u201d as a language is an intergenerational \u201cdatabase of knowledge.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEach culture has a way of understanding, and expressing, the world around them: the fauna, flora, the people \u2014 everything,\u201d he says. \u201cWe learn how to interact with the environment around us, how to maintain and take care of it, and how that environment can be beneficial for us.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ntakirutimana notes that maps showing endangered ecosystems line up with maps where languages are in various stages of becoming extinct, processes he sees as being connected.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, the Kirundi word for the month of April is <em>Ndamukiza, <\/em>which loosely means \u201cgreet the neighbors for me because I cannot cross the river to come say hi to them\u201d because the rivers were overflowing due to the rainy season, says Ntakirutimana.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNowadays, the river overflows at different times of the year, so the meaning of the month has been completely lost. Are we going to change the names of the months in the coming years? I don&#8217;t know. Maybe.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Like other areas of the world, Africa\u2019s colonial history set the stage for language disappearance, with globalization continuing the trend. The languages of colonial powers took precedence over the Indigenous languages of colonized regions.<\/p>\n<p>These dominant languages also introduced concepts foreign to the area. Ntakirutimana recalls being taught in elementary school about the four seasons in French (<em>printemps, \u00e9t\u00e9, automne <\/em>and<em> hiver<\/em>), concepts he couldn\u2019t grasp well because Burundi has only a rainy and a dry season.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI was puzzled even more when my textbooks wrongly associated Burundi\u2019s dry season <em>ici<\/em> with <em>l\u2019<\/em><em>\u00e9<\/em><em>t<\/em><em>\u00e9<\/em>, summer, a rather wet season in the northern hemisphere, with rain showers, thunderstorms and hailstorms,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>As countries became independent, constitutions, laws and other official communications were delivered in the dominant foreign language. Many countries also adapted an African language most people in the country or region speak. Some African countries can have hundreds of languages. Burundi\u2019s official languages are Kirundi and French.<\/p>\n<p>Ntakirutimana speaks Kirundi, French, English, Kiswahili, which is spoken across central and eastern Africa, and Kinyarwanda, one of Rwanda\u2019s official languages.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the challenges, he sees signs of a linguistic revival in Africa and elsewhere. Communications technologies are evolving and increasingly connecting people who speak the same language, he says.<\/p>\n<p>And new languages are evolving, especially among youth. Ntakirutimana points to the example of <a href=\"https:\/\/lx.berkeley.edu\/publications\/nouchi-distinct-language-morphological-evidence\">Nouchi<\/a> in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\u2019s economic capital Abidjan, which began as slang but developed into a language with its own distinct grammar.<\/p>\n<p>Ntakirutimana urges other parents to follow his example of propagating mother languages.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI tell members of immigrant communities here to teach their children their language because I know not everybody understands the importance of the mother tongue,\u201d he says. \u201cYes, kids need to adapt to the environment where they live, but kids can learn any language you teach them. They will thank you for it later.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From day one, Jean Ntakirutimana consistently spoke to his two daughters in the language of his birthplace, Burundi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":90830,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7484,3319,1,38],"tags":[13245,806,13247,794,4623,13246,732,384,4625,9220,4624,3325,511],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90810"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90810"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90832,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90810\/revisions\/90832"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}