{"id":86807,"date":"2023-07-11T13:02:12","date_gmt":"2023-07-11T17:02:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/?p=86807"},"modified":"2024-12-09T14:50:55","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T19:50:55","slug":"international-experts-choose-brock-led-proposal-for-crawford-lake-as-site-for-proposed-anthropocene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/2023\/07\/international-experts-choose-brock-led-proposal-for-crawford-lake-as-site-for-proposed-anthropocene\/","title":{"rendered":"International experts choose Brock-led proposal for Crawford Lake as site for proposed Anthropocene"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content” video_bg=”yes” video_bg_url=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fvq7BxaUUIM” css=”.vc_custom_1732130846852{margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: -10px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}” el_class=”fullwidth”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1686761691577{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}” offset=”vc_col-lg-offset-0 vc_col-md-offset-0 vc_col-sm-offset-0 vc_hidden-xs”][vc_empty_space][vc_empty_space height=”250px”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

International experts
\nchoose Brock-led proposal
\nfor Crawford Lake as site for
\nproposed Anthropocene<\/h1>\n

July 11, 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=”50px”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column offset=”vc_col-xs-12 vc_hidden-xs”][vc_empty_space height=”80px”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content” content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1689008510707{margin-top: -20px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: -10px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}” el_class=”fullwidth”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1686758195935{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}” offset=”vc_col-lg-offset-0 vc_hidden-lg vc_col-md-offset-0 vc_hidden-md vc_col-sm-offset-0 vc_hidden-sm”][vc_column_text]\n

International experts
\nchoose Brock-led proposal
\nfor Crawford Lake as site for
\nproposed Anthropocene <\/strong><\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column width=”1\/4″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs” css=”.vc_custom_1689006886374{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 125px !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”200px”][vc_single_image image=”97442″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]Brock University Professor and member of the Anthropocene Working Group, Francine McCarthy, on location at Crawford Lake.<\/small>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”50px”][vc_single_image image=”97443″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]Brock University Professor and member of the Anthropocene Working Group, Martin Head, on location at Crawford Lake.<\/small>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1689006927077{padding-right: 75px !important;padding-left: 75px !important;}”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Two Brock University professors are among a body of international experts that has selected a location on Earth that will allow the Anthropocene to be defined as a new epoch in geologic time.<\/p>\n

Brock Professors of Earth Sciences Francine McCarthy and Martin Head, and Carleton University Professor of Earth Sciences Tim Patterson, head up a team that has been studying the geology of Crawford Lake in Milton, Ont., for many years.<\/p>\n

On July 11, the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) \u2014 of which McCarthy and Head are voting members \u2014 announced its choice of Crawford Lake over 11 other possible sites as the location that best shows the boundary of the proposed Anthropocene, brought about by major changes to Earth through human activity.<\/p>\n

\u201cMy main reaction to the news is relief,\u201d says McCarthy. \u201cI\u2019m happy not just for me, for my colleagues and their students from a number of institutions who have been working really hard, but frankly, I\u2019m happy for the planet.\u201d<\/p>\n

During their long-running research, the multi-institutional team gathered sediment from Crawford Lake through a process called \u2018freeze coring\u2019 in which organic material freezes to the outside of a hollow tube, filled with dry ice and ethanol, that is dropped into the lake\u2019s muddy floor.<\/p>\n

From the cores, researchers can see annual layers of sediment called varves that resemble tree rings. Varves from the mid-20th century onward contain deposits of human-made byproducts such as plutonium-239, microplastics, fertilizers and fly ash.<\/p>\n

Crawford Lake is classified as a meromictic lake, meaning its layers of water don\u2019t intermix. McCarthy says this characteristic, and the deepness of the lake, have enabled scientists to get an accurate record of the area\u2019s human and natural history.<\/p>\n

\u201cCrawford Lake\u2019s unique varving patterns lead to the exceptional, wonderful preservation of all of the things in it without being disturbed,\u201d says McCarthy. \u201cSo, we can sample every year and tell you what was going on in the water, the atmosphere, the watershed.\u201d<\/p>\n

Head hails the choice of Crawford Lake as being \u201ca very important step forward in the defining of the Anthropocene as a new geological time and the culmination of a huge amount of work.\u201d<\/p>\n

He says rapid changes in population growth, industrialization and globalization following the Second World War and the use of the atomic bomb have significantly altered the Earth.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s really important that we acknowledge a momentous planetary shift in the mid-20th century as a geological term,\u201d Head says. \u201cOtherwise, people will think that this is really just business as usual, that the Holocene Epoch has not ended, and the changes that have occurred in recent memory are simply incremental, which we know is actually not the case.\u201d[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/4″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs” css=”.vc_custom_1689006909585{padding-right: 125px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”250px”][vc_empty_space height=”250px”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Watch:
\n<\/span>Brock-led Crawford Lake bid chosen as site for proposed Anthropocene.<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”15px”][vc_video link=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gxkXvfJxELU”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm vc_col-xs-6″][vc_single_image image=”97442″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]Brock University Professor and member of the Anthropocene Working Group, Francine McCarthy, on location at Crawford Lake.<\/small>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm vc_col-xs-6″][vc_single_image image=”97443″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]Brock University Professor and member of the Anthropocene Working Group, Martin Head, on location at Crawford Lake.<\/small>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Watch:
\n<\/span>Brock-led Crawford Lake bid chosen as site for proposed Anthropocene.<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”15px”][vc_video link=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gxkXvfJxELU”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content” parallax=”content-moving” css=”.vc_custom_1733767857663{margin-bottom: 50px !important;background-image: url(https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/CrawfordLake_130-feature-1.jpg?id=97935) !important;background-position: center;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}”][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][vc_empty_space height=”500px”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1689012307738{background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.6) !important;*background-color: rgb(0,0,0) !important;}” offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Researchers wait to hoist up a freeze core that has been lowered to the bottom of Crawford Lake to collect sediment for analysis.<\/small><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm”][vc_single_image image=”97450″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]Researchers wait to hoist up a freeze core that has been lowered to the bottom of Crawford Lake to collect sediment for analysis.<\/small>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column width=”1\/4″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs” css=”.vc_custom_1689006886374{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 125px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Watch:
\n<\/span>Why is Crawford Lake a good location to see the Holocene-Anthropocene boundary?<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_video link=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cLGgofcU9x0″][vc_empty_space height=”15px”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1689006927077{padding-right: 75px !important;padding-left: 75px !important;}”][vc_column_text]The July 11 announcement is the first of many steps that need to occur before a new epoch can be officially declared, a process will take \u201cmany months,\u201d says Head.<\/p>\n

The AWG will forward its Crawford Lake recommendation to the\u00a0International Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy<\/a>, of which Head is vice-chair.<\/p>\n

The Subcommission could either accept or reject Crawford Lake as hosting the \u2018golden spike,\u2019 an internationally agreed upon reference point in rock or sediment layers that defines the lower boundary of a new stage in the geologic time scale.<\/p>\n

If they do accept Crawford Lake, the Subcommission could either choose to recommend that the golden spike only define the beginning of the \u2018Crawfordian Age\u2019, where it would be part of the current Holocene Epoch, or define a new Anthropocene Epoch as well.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re hoping the Subcommission agrees to at least a golden spike for the Crawfordian Age; I\u2019m hoping for the Anthropocene,\u201d says McCarthy.<\/p>\n

Once the Subcommission makes its choice, it goes to the International Commission on Stratigraphy<\/a> for a full vote. That decision is then forwarded to the International Union for Geological Sciences<\/a>, which has the final say.<\/p>\n

McCarthy says she is \u201chappy that we have a good proposal.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re doing our level best to get the public to understand we\u2019re at a critical juncture right now where there is probably still time to turn the ship around before it hits the iceberg, so to speak, but we need to get that message out in a way that is convincing and understandable for people who vote and those who make decisions,\u201d she says.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/4″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs” css=”.vc_custom_1689006909585{padding-right: 125px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Watch:
\n<\/span>Why is Crawford Lake a good location to see the Holocene-Anthropocene boundary?<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”15px”][vc_video link=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cLGgofcU9x0″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column width=”1\/4″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs” css=”.vc_custom_1689006886374{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 125px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1689006927077{padding-right: 75px !important;padding-left: 75px !important;}”][vc_single_image image=”97448″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1689103371618{padding-right: 125px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][vc_row_inner css=”.vc_custom_1689103604409{background-color: #fafafa !important;}”][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]A very high quality freeze core collected in April 2023. The distinctive annually deposited layers are comprised of two components: a light-colored lamination that forms when calcite precipitates out of the water column when the water warm during the summer months; and a darker lamination that primarily forms when phytoplankton begin to die off as the water temperatures cool and the days get shorter during the fall.\u00a0 The warmer and dryer the summer the thicker the calcite layer. 1935 was the hottest and driest year during the dust bowl years and it forms a very distinctive layer in the core record.\u00a0 From here it is possible to count up to the start of the Anthropocene in 1950 and down to the distinctive color change in the core that is dated to 1874. On the left is a scale in centimeters measuring the length of the core. On the right is a listing of calendar years within the \u201cCanadian Zone: 1867 \u2013 Present\u201d in the core record that correspond with major European activity in the vicinity of the lake. There was a previous Indigenous Agricultural Zone that spans from ~1300-1500. This core interval is also characterized by annually deposited laminations, indicating just how sensitive the Crawford Lake system is to human activities.<\/small><\/p>\n

Photo by the Patterson Lab, Carleton University.<\/small>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content” content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1686758205696{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: -10px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}” el_class=”fullwidth”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1689001802927{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}” offset=”vc_col-lg-offset-0 vc_col-md-offset-0 vc_col-sm-offset-0″][vc_empty_space][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Brock-led research <\/strong>explores Crawford Lake
\n<\/strong>to define the Anthropocene<\/strong><\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

June 28, 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column width=”1\/4″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs” css=”.vc_custom_1689006886374{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 125px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1689006927077{padding-right: 75px !important;padding-left: 75px !important;}”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

A small lake in a conservation area in Halton Region is yielding big clues to a shift in Earth\u2019s geologic history.<\/p>\n

At the bottom of deep, serene Crawford Lake are layers of sediment showing how human activity has changed the Earth to such an extent that the planet entered a prospective new epoch in geologic time: the Anthropocene.<\/p>\n

Brock University Professor of Earth Sciences Francine McCarthy leads a research team that has, over the years, collected core samples of Crawford Lake\u2019s sediments to study these changes.<\/p>\n

This is part of a global effort led by an international group to identify evidence that a major change in Earth\u2019s history occurred in the mid-20th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

The Anthropocene Working Group examined numerous locations on Earth, including Crawford Lake, that show the clearest boundary between the Holocene and the proposed Anthropocene.<\/p>\n

These and many other materials are evidence of \u2018the Great Acceleration,\u2019 a marked upturn in indicators of population growth, industrialization and globalization, following the Second World War.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Anthropocene Working Group has decided to use plutonium fallout from the Cold War and nuclear proliferation in order to define the Anthropocene,\u201d says McCarthy. \u201cOur plutonium record is very nice; it\u2019s textbook.\u201d<\/p>\n

The research team\u2019s leadership consists of McCarthy, Brock University Professor of Earth Sciences Martin Head, and Carleton University Professor of Earth Sciences Professor Tim Patterson.<\/p>\n

Patterson and his students have expertise in collecting freeze cores and conducting core analysis, \u201cwhich complements the work of Dr. McCarthy, who focuses on understanding the limnology of the lake and the depositional processes that have taken place there to form the varve layers that we see in the sedimentary record,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Included on the multi-institutional team of experts is Brock Professor of Geography and Tourism Studies Professor Michael Pisaric.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1689010897033{padding-right: 125px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}” offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][vc_empty_space height=”250px”][vc_empty_space height=”250px”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Watch:
\n<\/span>How did the research team collect sediment samples from Crawford Lake?<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”15px”][vc_video link=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KOjyxwAnRZs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Watch:
\n<\/span>How did the research team collect sediment samples from Crawford Lake?<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”15px”][vc_video link=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KOjyxwAnRZs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content” parallax=”content-moving” css=”.vc_custom_1733773849261{margin-bottom: 50px !important;background-image: url(https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/CrawfordLake_68-1.jpg?id=97936) !important;background-position: center;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][vc_empty_space height=”500px”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1689012467475{background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.6) !important;*background-color: rgb(0,0,0) !important;}” offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Members of a Brock-led, multi-institutional research team remove layers of sediment from a freeze core that had been dropped to the bottom of Crawford Lake. Researchers examine these layers, called varves, for evidence that will define the Anthropocene.<\/small><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm”][vc_single_image image=”97454″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]Members of a Brock-led, multi-institutional research team remove layers of sediment from a freeze core that had been dropped to the bottom of Crawford Lake. Researchers examine these layers, called varves, for evidence that will define the Anthropocene.<\/small>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column width=”1\/4″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs” css=”.vc_custom_1689006886374{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 125px !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”250px”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Watch:
\n<\/span>What is the significance of entering the new Anthropocene epoch?<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”15px”][vc_video link=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/viUqQIdN8IY”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1689006927077{padding-right: 75px !important;padding-left: 75px !important;}”][vc_column_text]In addition to plutonium-239, other human byproducts in the lake sediments include microplastics, fertilizers and fly ash.<\/p>\n

Sediment, which includes the remains of algae, zooplankton and other organic material, freezes onto the tube along with small calcite crystals that sank to the lake\u2019s bottom. These crystals create a white layer each summer on top of which more organic material is deposited the rest of the year.<\/p>\n

Freeze-coring allows the annually deposited sediment layers, called varves, to freeze onto a hollow metal tube filled with dry ice and ethanol that is allowed to sit in the lakebed for up to 40 minutes. The varves are individually sampled for analysis.<\/p>\n

\u201cYou can count like tree rings and find 1952 or any other year that you\u2019re interested in finding,\u201d says McCarthy. \u201cBecause those layers are undisturbed, everything is exquisitely preserved.\u201d<\/p>\n

Once a site is proposed by the Anthropocene Working Group, the\u00a0International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS)<\/a>\u00a0can decide whether to officially define the new Anthropocene geologic epoch.<\/p>\n

\u201cDefining the Anthropocene as a term is crucial,\u201d says Head who, along with McCarthy, is a member of the Anthropocene Working Group, the international body of experts voting on the location of the site. Head is also vice-chair of the\u00a0International Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy<\/a>, which will vote on the Anthropocene Working Group\u2019s proposal.<\/p>\n

\u201cI was talking to a director at the United Nations recently who explained that they use the Anthropocene as a framing concept for policymaking, but the term is not properly defined, and they need clarity,\u201d says Head. \u201cAn official scientific definition will help the United Nations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and other global bodies create policies and programs addressing climate change.\u201d<\/p>\n

McCarthy says that recognizing the transition from the Holocene to the Anthropocene epoch has huge implications for the Earth and future generations.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s important for everyone to know that the Earth is a different place than it was before 1950,\u201d she says. \u201cWe actually reached a tipping point, so that the way that the atmosphere, the oceans and all the systems of the Earth interact is different than it used to be.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf we don\u2019t recognize that those relationships and the way they interact are different, we\u2019re not making decisions based on accurate information,\u201d McCarthy says. \u201cWe need to act now to decide what we want to leave for future generations.\u201d[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1689010829429{padding-right: 125px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}” offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][vc_empty_space height=”400px”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Watch:
\n<\/span>What is the significance of entering the new Anthropocene epoch?<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”15px”][vc_video link=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/viUqQIdN8IY”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column width=”1\/4″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs” css=”.vc_custom_1689006886374{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 125px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1689006927077{padding-right: 75px !important;padding-left: 75px !important;}”][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Watch:<\/span> Brock-led Crawford Lake research explores human impacts on the Earth.<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/4″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs” css=”.vc_custom_1689006909585{padding-right: 125px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_video link=”https:\/\/youtu.be\/18K3CvgNINg”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content”][vc_column width=”1\/4″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs” css=”.vc_custom_1689006886374{padding-right: 0px !important;padding-left: 125px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1689006927077{padding-right: 75px !important;padding-left: 75px !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”70px”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Gallery:<\/span> Brock-led research team collects sediment samples at Crawford Lake Conservation Area on April 13, 2023.<\/h2>\n

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