{"id":82253,"date":"2022-11-29T13:00:06","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T18:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/?p=82253"},"modified":"2024-09-01T09:54:36","modified_gmt":"2024-09-01T13:54:36","slug":"opinion-danielle-s-molnar-dawn-zinga-and-melissa-blackburn-discuss-teen-perfectionism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/2022\/11\/opinion-danielle-s-molnar-dawn-zinga-and-melissa-blackburn-discuss-teen-perfectionism\/","title":{"rendered":"OPINION: Danielle S. Molnar, Dawn Zinga and Melissa Blackburn discuss teen perfectionism"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article, written by Danielle S. Molnar, Associate Professor of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University; Dawn Zinga, Professor of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University; and Melissa Blackburn, PhD Candidate in Child and Youth Studies at Brock University, was originally published in\u00a0The Conversation<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Perfectionists are sometimes\u00a0thought of as superheroes<\/a>: people who are high achievers and seem to always\u00a0have it all together<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Perfectionism is different from simply trying to do a good job or even seeking\u00a0excellence<\/a>. Rather, perfectionism refers to rigidly requiring nothing short of absolute perfection and being highly self-critical.<\/p>\n

Our recent study<\/a>, published in the journal\u00a0Child Development<\/em>, examined how perfectionism is affecting teens\u2019 mental health and stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p>\n

Exacting standards<\/h2>\n

While\u00a0research shows<\/a>\u00a0some forms of perfectionism are related to small achievement gains, it also reveals perfectionism is commonly associated with experiencing more\u00a0health problems<\/a>\u00a0along with\u00a0relationship difficulties<\/a>.<\/p>\n

People higher in perfectionism even show\u00a0dysregulated immune system functioning<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Perfectionists do not fare any better with respect to their mental health:\u00a0research<\/a>\u00a0indicates perfectionistic individuals report higher levels of depressive symptoms, stress, disordered eating and anxiety compared to their less perfectionistic peers.<\/p>\n

Perfectionistic people are particularly susceptible to experiencing these adverse consequences when they\u00a0are stressed<\/a>\u00a0or faced with difficult and uncertain situations, because they tend to be unable to or at least reluctant to adapt to changing situations.<\/p>\n

Thus, there is good reason to be highly concerned about perfectionists during the continually\u00a0evolving pandemic that has been exceptionally stressful for<\/a>\u00a0most people.<\/p>\n

Perfectionism as personality trait<\/h2>\n

When measuring perfectionism as a personality trait, psychology researchers identify different \u201cflavours\u201d of\u00a0perfectionism<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Self-oriented perfectionism refers to requiring perfection from oneself. People high in self-oriented perfectionism demand perfection from themselves and are incredibly hard on themselves when they do not meet those demands.<\/p>\n

Socially prescribed perfectionism refers to the belief or perception that others require perfection. Individuals who are high in socially prescribed perfectionism think others demand perfection from them, are critical of them and believe that they will never measure up to others\u2019 expectations.<\/p>\n

These forms of perfectionism are commonly observed in teens, a group that experiences relatively high levels of perfectionism.\u00a0Research shows<\/a>\u00a0that approximately one in four youth are highly perfectionistic.<\/p>\n

Lack of closure, opportunities<\/h2>\n

It is important to focus on how young people are doing during these difficult times. Unlike adults who have already gained their sense of independence, the pandemic and its accompanying restrictions have held teens back in a state of suspended reality.<\/p>\n

For example, many teens have completely missed out on significant developmental\u00a0milestones such as graduations and proms<\/a>, leaving them feeling lost due to a lack of closure on important chapters of their lives.<\/p>\n

Government-mandated lockdowns\u00a0that were put in place to slow the spread of COVID-19<\/a>\u00a0forced young people into isolation where they were often separated from friends and family for extended periods of time. School closures also led to substantial interruptions to young people\u2019s schooling, which is associated with gaps in\u00a0in educational achievement<\/a>.<\/p>\n

It is not hard to imagine how difficult gaps would be for young perfectionists who often define themselves by their ability to achieve.<\/p>\n

Effects of lockdowns<\/h2>\n

Our study shows the significant effects lockdowns have had on the self-reported mental health of teens.<\/p>\n

We assessed 187 adolescents\u2019 levels of perfectionism, anxiety symptoms, stress and depressive symptoms before the pandemic began and then again during the first and\u00a0second government-mandated lockdowns<\/a>\u00a0that took place in Ontario, Canada.<\/p>\n

Results showed an interesting pattern of change with respect to depressive symptoms and stress levels. Depressive symptoms and stress decreased slightly from before the pandemic began to the first lockdown and then increased dramatically from the first to second lockdown.<\/p>\n

Although we cannot be sure, one possible explanation for these findings is that teens were able to take a much-needed break from their busy and possibly overscheduled lives during the first lockdown, which resulted in some relief of depressive symptoms and stress.<\/p>\n

However, by the time the second lockdown occurred, teens may have been feeling demoralized and hopeless as the pandemic continued to take its toll on everyone, resulting in higher levels of stress and depressive symptoms.<\/p>\n

How perfectionists fared<\/h2>\n

A key finding is that teen perfectionists are not faring as well during the pandemic compared to their non-perfectionistic peers. Teens who demanded perfection from themselves (self-oriented perfectionists) were more depressed, anxious and stressed than those who did not tend to demand perfection from themselves over the course of the pandemic.<\/p>\n

Results also showed that when teens experienced higher than their typical levels of self-oriented perfectionism, they were also more anxious, but not more depressed or stressed.<\/p>\n

Teenagers who believed that others demanded perfection from them were more depressed and stressed than those who did not have such beliefs during the pandemic.<\/p>\n

We also found that when teens experienced more of these beliefs than usual, they were more depressed, but not more anxious or stressed.<\/p>\n

Struggles behind the mask<\/h2>\n

Taken together, these findings support the idea that perfectionistic teens are more vulnerable to mental health problems and greater stress compared to their non-perfectionistic peers during the pandemic.<\/p>\n

It is important to recognize that although teen perfectionists\u00a0often appear to be doing well on the surface<\/a>, they are not superheroes who are impervious to hardships.<\/p>\n

Instead, they are young people who are often in distress and struggling behind their mask of perfection and in need of support during these difficult times.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This article, written by Danielle S. Molnar, Associate Professor of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University; Dawn Zinga, Professor of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University; and Melissa Blackburn, PhD Candidate in Child and Youth Studies at Brock University, was originally published in\u00a0The Conversation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":82256,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7,188,55,6,1,38],"tags":[45,12214,4212,522,10050,12215,5512],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82253"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82253"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82257,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82253\/revisions\/82257"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82256"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brocku.ca\/brock-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}