When scientists study how we process and recall words, they usually do so in a laboratory, using sophisticated technology and highly controlled conditions in their experiments.<\/p>\n
A groundbreaking, Brock University-led international training and research program will now take these experiments outside the laboratory into real-world settings.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe\u2019re at a real juncture,\u201d says Gary Libben, Professor in Brock\u2019s Department of Applied Linguistics and Department of Psychology. \u201cWe have lots of knowledge about how people behave in a laboratory environment, but actually very little knowledge about cognitive processes during language use in more natural settings.\u201d<\/p>\n
Libben leads the Words in the World Project, a partnership of more than 70 researchers, universities, organizations, community groups and others worldwide.<\/p>\n
The Canadian government\u2019s Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) has awarded the project a Partnership Grant of almost $2.5 million, the maximum amount for a SSHRC project in that competition.<\/p>\n
This funding is part of the $3.7 million that the federal granting agency awarded Brock University in research grants for 2016, which SSHRC announced Sept. 9.<\/p>\n
Words in the World\u2019s goal is to train approximately 500 students, postdoctoral fellows, young researchers and others in the latest techniques of investigating how people process and represent words.<\/p>\n
\u201cBrock University will act as the host institute for this novel national training partnership in which researchers from Brock University, McGill University, McMaster University, University of Alberta, University of Montreal and University of Windsor will harness the expertise of collaborators from around the world and the practical knowledge of community partners to provide innovative training to the next generation of our most promising researchers,\u201d says Libben.<\/p>\n
\u201cMentorship is the key part of research,\u201d says Libben. \u201cIf you don\u2019t have that, you don\u2019t have the continuity; you don\u2019t get to build one piece of knowledge upon the other.\u201d<\/p>\n
All languages that human beings speak use words as building blocks to \u201cpackage up ideas and connect them to one another\u201d explains Libben. He says the average person knows about 75,000 words, almost double if the individual can speak more than one language.<\/p>\n
Scientists have different theories on how words may be formed and remembered. \u201cWords are this fantastic set of connections\u201d among many areas of the brain, says Libben.<\/p>\n
Researchers in the laboratory use high-tech equipment \u2013 such as EEG recordings of electrical activity in the brain and eye trackers that record how a person\u2019s eyes move during reading \u2013 to capture language activity in the brain.<\/p>\n
And they administer highly controlled tests such as the Lexical Decision Task, where the researcher measures the time taken to recognize a word to an accuracy of one thousandth of a second.<\/p>\n
Words in the World plans to take the conventional research training a step further \u201cand bring our techniques, our specialized equipment, and our theoretical knowledge into real world settings so that the next generation of researchers can study language use in ways that will directly translate into knowledge of relevance to our community partners,\u201d says Libben.<\/p>\n
For example, a student could use a pen equipped with a pin-point laser camera and a real-time millisecond clock to take notes at a seminar or lecture. The camera and clock measure the speed of the student\u2019s writing and the length of pauses between words, giving researchers an idea of how quickly the brain processes the spoken words and, in turn, providing hints on how to best convey verbal information to match that processing.<\/p>\n
Customized glasses to measure how eyes capture written words is another example of portable technologies researchers will use in various settings. One such use would see the project\u2019s trainees working with partners in the tourist industry to improve its engagement with clients for whom English is a foreign language.<\/p>\n
The project is not just about researchers collecting data. \u201cThe technology we have could be worked into therapeutic and clinical techniques,\u201d says Libben.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe are hoping to develop techniques and knowledge that can help older people with word finding challenges, expand vocabulary skills in a first or second language, help business owners meet the demands of provincial accessibility laws as they relate to language disabilities, and raise literacy rates in children and adults,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe have the knowledge to make the breakthroughs that will change the lives of people in our communities. The Words in the World project will bring together communities, researchers, and trainees in a new way in order to achieve those breakthroughs.\u201d<\/p>\n
The project\u2019s Canadian leadership team includes seven members: Lori Buchanan from the University of Windsor; Gonia Jarema from the University of Montr\u00e9al; Juhani J\u00e4rvikivi from the University of Alberta; Eva Kehayia from McGill University; Victor Kuperman from McMaster University; and Sid Segalowitz from Brock University.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
When scientists study how we process and recall words, they usually do so in a laboratory, using sophisticated technology and highly controlled conditions in their experiments.
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