The Study of Sociology in Institutions of Learning in the United States
III. Catalogue of Courses in Sociology — continued.
Frank M. Tolman
University of Chicago
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ILLINOIS (continued)—
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS.
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY.
6. Practical ethics. In this course those questions which bear the closest relations to life and conduct are raised and discussed. The duties of the individual, the family, the state, are among the subjects discussed. Special subjects in social ethics may be taken up. (Inadvertently omitted from July list.)
9. Political ethics, historical and applied. A study of the various phases of thought concerning the ethics of social organization, theories of the nature of the state, including views of the state of nature, of natural law, and of natural right. A discussion of rights and duties in relation to social institutions ; international rights and duties; the ethics of diplomacy. (Inadvertently omitted from July list.)
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.
Sociology 31a. Origin and psychology of occupations—research course. (Inadvertently omitted from July list.) Associate Professor Thomas.
BIBLICAL AND PATRISTIC GREEK.
12. Social and religious history of Palestine in New Testament times. Introduction to Course 64. Professor Mathews.
64. The social teachings of Jesus. The teaching of Jesus concerning society, the state, the family, wealth, and other social institutions. Professor Mathews.
65. The social teachings of the apostles. Professor Mathews.
EUREKA COLLEGE.
POLITICAL SCIENCE.
II. Sociology. Method: The same as in political economy, with the addition of reviews of books on social science. Bascom's Social Theory. B.J. Radford.
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY.
MORAL AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY.
A. Ethics. Social philosophy. Second semester : Social philosophy. The problem of social philosophy and the principles of sociology, the nature of the social problem and of social science; the conclusions of anthropology and of the other sciences on which sociology rests ; the theory of sociology by reference to the work of the leading social philosophers. Practical application of sociological principles to the chief social problems. This course attempts to outline that application of science and philosophy to society and social problems which is such a characteristic tendency of today, and also to point out the main lines along which social advance may best be made. Lectures, use of some serviceable manual, readings, reports, practical investigations. There will be scope for discussion as in the first semester. Open to students who have completed thirty hours. Professor Caldwell.
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B. Social philosophy. Practical problems. Brief class-room study of some introductory, practical book. Investigation by students (under direction) of social conditions, problems, agencies, institutions. Intended to start students in the work of social observation and reflection. Open to students who have completed thirty hours. Second semester : Continuation of the work of the first semester, or similar work. Professor Caldwell. Credit will be given for time spent in investigation.
C. Practical ethics. First semester: Ethics of the social questions; the problems of the family, education, wealth, poverty, temperance, social discontent, social reform, in the light of ethical theory. Lectures, special researches, discussions. Second semester: Moral pathology and the science of character; class-room study and discussion of such books as Giles's Moral Pathology, or Sídgwíck's Practical Ethics, MacCunn's Making of Character. Reports and investigations of students upon topics. Professor Caldwell.
D. Social psychology. Consideration of the attempts of recent American and European philosophers and psychologists to approach the study of society from the psychological (as distinct from the hitherto prevailingly biological) point of view. The logic and mind of society; the psychology of social action ; the psychical factors in civilization; the relation of the social mind to the mind of the individual; the application of social psychology to education and reform. Study of Professor Bald-win's Social and Ethical Interpretations of Mental Development, and of Tarde's Social Laws, with reference to the writings of others, such as Le Bon, Sídís, Ward, Bosanquet, etc. Second semester: Continuation of the work of the first semester. Open to students who have had or are taking Course A, or who have had or who are taking Course A in psychology. Professor Caldwell.
E. Advanced course. First semester: Ethics. Reading and analysis of advanced works upon ethics, such as the writings of Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Hegel, Wundt, Gízyckí, Paulsen, Sidgwick, Green, Spencer, Stephen, Martineau and others. Lecture and study notes upon special topics such as the metaphysic of ethics, the logic (methods) or psychology of ethics, the art of conduct, the moral ideal, social or political or religious ethics, etc. Or, study of special periods in the history of ethical growth, or of ethical speculation, such as the ethics of the Greeks, or of German philosophers, etc. Paulsen's Ethics may be used as a guide. Second semester: Social philosophy. Social theories of leading thinkers, ancient and modern. Tendencies in contemporary social philosophy ("English " and foreign). The philosophy of social advance and of social reform. Mackenzie's Introduction to Social Philosophy may be used as a guide. Open to students who have completed Course A. Professor Caldwell.
F. Seminary. Research study of topics connected with any of the above courses. Subjects can be announced only after consultation with those fitted for the work of investigators. Professor Caldwell.
POLITICAL ECONOMY.
G. The labor question in Europe and the United States. The purpose of this course is to acquaint the student with the economic condition of the working classes in Europe and the United States during the past century, and to discuss the relation of labor organizations to capital in the production and distribution of wealth. Among other phases of the subject are discussed the rise and growth of labor organizations, the development of the labor contract, methods of industrial remuneration, the shorter
(253) working day, workingmen's insurance, and employers' liability. Lectures, discussions, and a systematic course of prescribed reading; one written report on a selected topic each semester. Dr. George.
LOMBARD COLLEGE.
SOCIOLOGY.
SERIES A. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY.
I. An introduction to the study of sociology. An outline study of the characteristic concepts of recent sociological thought. Professor Kimble.
2. Pre-Comtean sociology. A careful study of the earlier theories concerning social relations. Professor Kimble.
3. Pre-Comtean sociology. (Continuation of Course 2.) Professor Kimble.
4. Modern sociological theory. The chief works of the more prominent modern sociologists are studied with a view to the characteristic positions of each author and the relation borne by each to sociological theory as a whole. Professor Kimble.
5. Modern sociological theory. (Continuation of Course 4.) Professor Kimble.
6. Types of sociological theory. The utopians, the organícists, the psychologists. Professor Kimble.
SERIES В. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ASSOCIATION AND OF SOCIETY.
7. An introduction to the comparative study of association. The method, scope, and aim of comparative sociology. Professor Kimble.
8. Biography. A general sketch of the influence of "natural conditions" upon upon the associative activities of living organisms. Professor Kimble.
9. The development of association. A study of the lower stages of the associative process, with especial reference to the earlier forms of food, sex, and conflict association. Professor Kimble.
10. The development of association. (Continuation of Course 9.) The investigation begun in Course 9 ís continued among organisms of a higher type than those there studied. Professor Kimble.
11. The development of association. (Continuation of Courses 9 and 1o.) The associational process as manifested among the natural races. Professor Kimble.
12. The development of association. (Continuation of Courses 9, 10, and II.) The associational life of a modern community. Study of the local environment. Professor Kimble.
13. Abnormal and pathologic variations of the associative process. An introductory and outline study of the sociology of crime, pauperism, etc. Professor Kimble.
14. Abnormal and pathologic variations of the associative process. (Continuation of Course 13.) A study of the preventive, curative, and ameliorative factors of associate life. Professor Kimble.
15. Reproductive association. The family is taken as the most highly developed and best known example of this type of associational life; attention is given to its origin, development, and significance. Professor Kimble.
16. The chief types of association. Food, sex, and conflict. The characteristic associational activities centering about each. Origin, development, and significance. Professor Kimble. For the most advanced students only.
17. The sociology of religion. A consideration, from the standpoint of sociology, of the phenomena of religion. Professor Kimble.
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ILLINOIS COLLEGE.
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY.
PRESIDENT BARNES.
2. Sociology. Second semester: A study of the forms of human association and the principles underlying them, together with a brief consideration of the various problems resulting from a dependent and defective class, and the different means employed for remedy and relief. Text: Giddings, Principles of Socíology; Wright, Elements of Practical Sociology.
NORTHWESTERN COLLEGE.
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.
Sociology. The aim is to give a true conception of society, to trace the principles underlying the social conditions of life, and to promote thoughtfulness concerning the diversified relations of man to man. It embraces the study of the genesis and structure of society, and the forces that have determined its development. The economic phenomena of society are carefully examined, and current problems of social reform receive special attention. Small and Vincent; Henderson; Giddings, Principles; and Mackenzie.
SHURTLEFF COLLEGE.
POLITICAL SCIENCE.
VII. Elementary sociology. Small and Vincent is used as a text. Elective for juniors and seniors.
WHEATON COLLEGE.
DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.
PROFESSOR WHIPPLE.
4. Sociology. The conclusions reached in economics during the two previous terms applied to current theories of socialism and to the present trend toward a larger control of business by the state, with a view of ascertaining what dangers are ahead, and what changes are likely to prove advantageous to mankind. Comparison of textbooks ; collateral reading ; reports by students appointed to investigate special topics of interest.
INDIANA—
INDIANA UNIVERSITY.
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.ã10
. Socialism and communism. A study of ideal commonwealths and of the theories of the chief socialistic writers since the French Revolution. Particular attention is given to the present position of the various socialistic groups in Germany, England, and America. Lectures and reading. Professor Weatherly.
7. General sociology. A study of the work of leading sociologists, with a comparison of views and a critical discussion of theories and conclusions. Professor Weatherly.
4. Social pathology. (i) Fall term: pauperism and charities. (2) Winter term: crime and penology. (3) Spring term: social questions. In 1900-01 the special subject investigated in the spring term was the economic aspect of the liquor problem. Inasmuch as the subject varies in successive years, this division of the course may be taken more than once. Lectures, reading, and special reports. Professor Weatherly. Throughout the year.
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8. Seminary in economics and sociology. Designed for advanced students who have shown ability successfully to undertake individual research. The subjects for investigation may be taken from the field of either economics or sociology, but it is Intended that they shall have some degree of unity. Considerable attention is given to training in statistical methods. Professor Weatherly and Assistant Professor Rawles.
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY.
8. Social psychology. Includes a study of the more important recent books on social psychology. Lectures. Introduction to research methods and problems. Tarde, Social Laws; Baldwin, Mental Development. Professor Bryan.
DEPAUW UNIVERSITY—ASBURY
COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS.
POLITICAL SCIENCE.
PROFESSOR WEAVER.
Unity and scope of the department : This department embraces specifically the science and philosophy of the state or society politically organized. But as this depends so essentially on organized society in general, the science and philosophy of society fall naturally within its scope. Although the state springs logically from organized society, yet for the sake of clearness the theory of state is studied before sociology; the latter, being more complex and indefinite, demands more intellectual maturity. Then follow the special phases of political science, viz., those of law and economics. It is believed, furthermore, that none of these subjects should be divorced from ethics, particularly the practical part, which may be denominated its art; and, although history forms a distinct department, this does not imply that its vital importance is overlooked in this department. On the contrary, it is emphasized at every step, since all social theory and philosophy must be tested by historical data properly interpreted. The historical-philosophic method is the only safeguard against ideology on the one hand and empiricism on the other.
Explanation and suggestion as to method : No special text-books are required. Particularly in sociological subjects the laboratory method has proven its superiority. Students are co-laborers with the instructor in the investigation of specific subjects. Too much help stunts the intellect; it must rather be quickened to self-dependence. Syllabuses, when practicable, are utilized to supply bibliography and unify class work. A departmental library, containing the best literature of the subjects taught, is placed at the fullest disposition of the student. Individual problems are assigned for special research, and co-operation in acquisition is utilized in class reports and theses. Instead of purchasing additional text-books, the students pay fifty cents per term to the department library fund, from which over one hundred volumes are purchased annually, so that very soon one of the best special libraries in the country will have been collected.
2. Sociology, principles and theory: (τ) Scope, method, organization, evolution, problems, goal, etc. (2) Defective, dependent, and delinquent classes.
3. Practical sociology, or its applications : Institutions, family, school, church, market, and state.
4. Socialism, history and philosophy: (τ) Communistic utopias. (2) Socialistic schemes. (з) Social reform.
10. Seminarium in political science. This embraces only advanced work, viz.: the investigation of original and unsettled problems, together with such additional
(256) subjects as may be assigned. All graduates and such undergraduates as can present sufficient attainments are eligible, at the option of the professor in charge. One year's satisfactory work in the seminarium entitles undergraduates to three courses' credit on graduation.
HANOVER COLLEGE.
1. Sociology. Three months.
2. Questions of the day. One year, four hours.
BUTLER COLLEGE.
The department enjoys the advantage of having access to the large collection of public documents in the state library, and the very complete collections of works pertaining to the social sciences in the libraries of the state, the city, and Butler College.
The courses in sociology, economics, and political science are so arranged that the student may elect work in these branches aggregating five years of study. Work in this department should not ordinarily be begun before the junior year ; but students having mature minds and desiring to elect junior and senior work largely from this department may enter the introductory classes in the sophomore year.
COURSES IN ECONOMICS.
PROFESSOR FORREST.
4. Problems of capital and labor : A study of the growth of large industries, and the place and nature of public service and industrial corporations, "trusts," and labor organizations. Consideration will be given to the causes of conflicts between capital and labor, the relations of both to the consuming public, questions of taxation, and methods of public control.
COURSES IN SOCIOLOGY.
3. Philanthropy: A study of the causes of poverty and methods of amelioration. The department enjoys the hearty co-operation of the excellent Charity Organization Society of Indianapolis, and is thereby enabled to make a thorough study of the charities of the city. Such agencies as the social settlement, the institutional church, the labor colony, etc., will also receive consideration. The student will be expected to make a personal investigation of actual conditions found in the city.
5. Anthropology: A study embracing both anthropology, in the narrower sense, and culture-history, intended to give a general understanding of the beginnings and earlier stages of social evolution. Such an examination of the method of social development serves as a basis for advanced historical, sociological, and ethical investigation, and for the study of comparative religion.
б. Social history: A study of the development of the main elements of modern civilization. The emphasis is laid on the interrelation of the industrial and ethical lines of development. An investigation is made of the beginnings of civilization in antiquity, the transition from the Greco-Roman empire to the mediæval period, and the leading movements of the modern period. This course employs in the study of civilized peoples the same method that is used in the preceding course in the study of peoples of lower culture.
7. Socialism : A brief historical sketch of modern socialistic theories, followed by a critical examination of present-day socialistic positions. The economic bearings of socialism receive first consideration, but its influence on the family, the state, and religious and ethical ideals is the main subject of the course.
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8. General sociology: This course attempts to reach a general view of social phenomena. It is based on the results obtained by the course in anthropology and those of some of the recent writers on social psychology.
9. Development of social philosophy: An examination of the principal attempts to interpret social phenomena, from Plato to Comte. Lectures, readings, reports.
so. Contemporary social philosophy: An examination of the principal sociological contributions since Auguste Comte, with special emphasis upon the work of living writers. This course is intended to be an introduction to general sociology, since it takes up most of the important attempts to interpret society.
20. Social forces in English Romanticism : This course deals with the English Romantic movement from a social and literary point of view. The former phase of the work is considered in lectures on the different social, and political forces in the literature at that time ; the latter side of the work consists chiefly of a study more or less minute of the prominent authors of the Romantic movement. In collaboration with Professor W. D. Howe.
UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME.
COURSES IN PHILOSOPHY.
(b) Social duties. The domestic society and marriage; monogamy; polygamy and divorce ; relations between parents and children. Education : the part of the parents, the church, and the state. On slavery in ancient and modern times ; duties of masters and servants. On capital and labor.
(c) Sociology. Necessity of a public society; the city. Origin of the civil and political organization ; theories of Hobbes and J. J. Rousseau ; source of authority in human society. On the divine right of kings ; the absolute sovereignty of the people ; the reasonable system. The different forms of government; the primitive polity; the best form of government; opinions of O. A. Brownson. On modern democracy; the position of the church; the usurpation and transfer of the supreme power; on the government de facto. On despotism ; is it lawful to resist a tyrant ? Theory of St. Thomas and Machiavelli on government. The distinction of the three social powers; parliamentary and representative government. Qualities of a good ruler ; the question of the poor. Public liberties; freedom of the press and of conscience ; the right of the sword ; on war and treaties. The international law. Civilization. Church and state.
VIII. The elements of sociology. Lectures, readings, and examinations on required texts. Two hours a week for five months.
IOWA—
COE COLLEGE.
PHILOSOPHY.
(Mental science 9.) Charities and correction. This is a course in sociology applied to the pauper and criminal classes. (Not given after 1902-3.)
HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.
I. Political and social sciences.
III. Sociology, three hours. Senior year. (Social economics treated in political economy.)
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DES MOINES COLLEGE.
ELECTIVES.
E. Social science. An introductory course reviewing the general facts of society. A discussion of social forces and remedies. Text, Giddings's Elements of Sociology, with references to the works of Spencer, Ward, and Small.
DRAKE UNIVERSITY.
SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL ECONOMY.
PROFESSOR SHEPPERD.
1. Sociology. During the fall term the general subject of sociology is sketched in broad outlines. The method of study is illustrated by direct investigation of interesting problems, each student being assigned a special topic and asked to present before the class a written report, embodying methods and results obtained. After the first month the class will have one meeting per week additional in order to hear reports.
PARSONS COLLEGE.
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.
23. Sociology. An elementary course in which significant social phenomena and the problems involved are recognized and appreciated. An attempt is made to seek the principles upon which social well-being and progress depend, and the best means of applying them in order to secure the healthiest condition of the social organism. Special study is made of labor organizations, monopolies, pauperism, ignorance, crime, disease, the liquor traffic, and temperance reform. Lectures, discussions, and readings.
IOWA COLLEGE.
APPLIED CHRISTIANITY.
PROFESSOR WYCKOFF.
The courses at present given in this department are sociological in character. Special attention is given, however, to those institutions and processes with which Christianity is to be chiefly credited. The ultimate aim of the work is practical in character, namely, education for good citizenship. No attempt is made to develop a science of society from the teachings of Christ, but it is hoped that good results may come from the effort to appreciate the spirit of Christ on the one hand, and on the other, modern society and its needs.
I. American social life. This course is intended as an introduction to the study of society. It is believed that the necessary training in statistics and other methods of descriptive sociology can be best given in connection with concrete investigations. So each student is expected to make a special study of the social life of a family, a community, and a city, and embody the results in carefully prepared papers. The same method is then extended to the study of Iowa and the United States, use being made of the census and other statistics — of newspapers, novels, books of history or travel, describing or illustrating the life of different sections of the country. Attention is given to the influences upon society of physical conditions, race characteristics, scarcity or density of population, and voluntary socializing movements.
2. Industrial history and problems of labor. Beginnings of industry; Greece ; Rome ; medieval Europe ; English labor history; the guild system ; industrial revolutions ; modern factory system ; American industrial history; trade-unions ; factory legislation; co-operation; profit-sharing; communistic and socialistic ideals and experiments ; the capitalist system.
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3. Charities and penology. Early Christian charity; medíæval church charity; English poor-law development ; modern institutions and methods ; philanthropy. The criminal; causes of crime ; classical theories ; influence of school of criminal anthropology; treatment of crime ; extermination, retaliation, seclusion, reformation. Development of institutions and methods.
4. Evolution of society. The horde, clan, family, tribe, and nation ; primitive methods of control ; modifications of the family; development of social organs ; rise of modern social institutions and processes of modification ; structure of modern society.
5. Sociology and social reform. Half the term is spent on a study of the more important contributions to social philosophy made by Hobbes, Vico, Montesquieu, Comte, Spencer, Tarde, and the principal American sociologists. The work of the leaders in the great reform movements of England and America during the last century is then taken up. The nature of the appeal and the methods employed are the chief objects of attention.
6. The city. City state of Greece and Rome; feudalism; rise of cities in Italy and Germany; the guild government; the modern industrial city; municipal functions in Europe ; the sphere of the municipality; city government and administration; recent progress in America.
SIMPSON COLLEGE,
ECONOMICS.
2. Applications of economic theory to social and civic problems.
3. Field work in the study of social problems.
STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA.
SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY.
PROFESSOR LOOS, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PATTERSON, MR. CADY.
I. General sociology, Part I. Social structure and growth. A study of the primary factors and forces of social phenomena, with introductory lectures on anthropology and ethnology, followed by a systematic examination of the genesis of social institutions, gentile and civic. The course closes with a brief review of social theory from Plato to Spencer. Professor Loos.
2. General sociology, Part II. Social amelioration. (τ) The general theory of social amelioration : police, sanitation, charities, correction, public utilities, and education. (2) Municipal administration, dealing with the social and economic problems of modern cities. Professor Loos.
3. Theory and technique of statistics — see political economy 13. Assistant Professor Patterson.
4. Social statistics. Population in its social aspects, with special reference to modern cities, tenement-house conditions, education, crime, and income. Assistant Professor Patterson.
5. Domestic institutions. The origins of marriage and the family; evolutionary, progress of types ; forces leading to the survival of the monogamic type; economic and utilitarian bases of domestic ethics; present industrial dangers to domestic foundations ; the problem of divorce. Mr. Cady.
6. Charities and correction. Criminology and penology; pauperism and methods of relief—institutional care of dependents and defectives; philanthropic financiering —social settlements. Mr. Cady.
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8. Introduction to political philosophy. Lectures on the development of political philosophy and the elements of legal history. The class will read Plato's Republic and Laws, Aristotle's Politics, Machiavelli's Prince, Hobbes's Leviathan, and other selections. Professor Loos.
9. The distribution of wealth. A study of modern theories of distribution, with an account of the fundamental social institutions that are regulative in the distribution of income. Professor Loos.
10. Socialism and contemporary social legislation. A critical examination of contemporary socialism and current tendencies in legislation, 1860-1900. Professor Loos.
11-12. Political philosophy. Studies in political and social philosophy, with special reference to modern conditions and problems. The class will read Spencer's Man vs. the State, Huxley's Administrative Nihilism, Ritchie's Principles of State Interference, selections from the writings of Thomas Hill Green and other modern philosophers, and Schmoller's Einige Grundfragen der Socialpolitik. Professor Loos.
13–14. Graduate seminary in sociology. Designed to assist graduate students in specific lines of research. Professor Loos.
POLITICAL ECONOMY.
PROFESSOR LOOS, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PATTERSON, Мr. THOMAS.
2. Recent economic history. A study of recent economic history with detailed analysis of the industrial revolution in its economic and social aspects. Special attention will be given to the development of the individualistic philosophy and its reaction on practical politics and legislation—the factory acts, trade-unionism, and the trust problem. Open to all students except freshmen. Professor Loos.
3. Debating course. Selected topics in economics, politics, and sociology. Open only to students who have taken at least one course in one of these subjects. Students may schedule for this course at the beginning of each semester. Professors Loos and Wilcox, Assistant Professor Patterson.
CORNELL COLLEGE.
POLITICAL ECONOMY, SOCIOLOGY, TEACHING.
I. Sociology. The aim of the work will be to give a knowledge of the character and content of the science. Its principles and history will be discussed and some lectures will be given, and reports and book reviews will be required. Giddings's Elements of Sociology will be used as a text, other authors will be examined, and, in order to give the student some idea of the practical side of sociology, Warner's American Charities will be read.
TABOR COLLEGE.
Sociology. This course will embrace the study of social problems, with special reference to the defective, dependent, and criminal classes. Communism, socialism, immigration, the factory system, and the tenement will be subjects for careful investigation. Students will be trained in research and in the review of books and special magazine articles. Wright's Practical Sociology will serve as the basis for class work. In the second term there will be a careful study of the criminal. Drahm's The Criminal is the text. Professor Farnham.
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WESTERN COLLEGE.
POLITICAL ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY.
II. Sociology. Small and Vincent's text is used as a guide, while Giddings and other authors are studied. Bryce, The American Commonwealth; Gilman, Profit-Sharing; Shaw, Municipal Government in Great Britain; and Mayo-Smith, Statistics and Sociology.
KANSAS—
MIDLAND COLLEGE.
VII. Social science. This course makes a systematic introductory study of the origin, development, and scope of sociology, and aims at a scientific exposition of the "social organism" and its various functions. Small and Vincent's Introduction to the Study of Society is used as a text-book, supplemented by lectures on social reform.
General sociology. Small and Vincent.
BAKER UNIVERSITY.
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.
B. Sociology. Three hours per week during second term of senior year. Study of the science of society, together with the nature and scope of sociology and methods of sociological study; the defective and delinquent classes ; pauperism and charity; immigration ; the family; the state ; the nation.
CAMPBELL UNIVERSITY.
POLITICAL SCIENCE AND SOCIOLOGY.
PROFESSOR WALTER GIDINGHAGEN.
Sociology. Origin and growth of sociology, sociology and ethics, social reform, social evolution; competition and combination, association, nature and stages of civilization, race psychology, social organization, natural selection in society, law of survival, nature and end of society. Giddings's Elements of Sociology forms the basis of the work. Reference is made to other works on sociology and articles found in magazines.
KANSAS CITY UNIVERSITY.
Social problems. Introductory to the general principles of social science, including historical and critical views of various theories and ideals of society and the state.
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS.
SOCIOLOGY.
UNDERGRADUATE COURSES.
I. Elements of sociology. This study includes the principles of sociology, and a careful survey of social laws, social theories, and social organization. Lectures and text-book, with collateral reading and investigation in the library required. Professor Blackmar.
II. Social pathology. A general study of pauperism, crime, charities and corrections, and social problems. Practical investigation and study required of all students. Written reports of special investigations required. Professor Blackmar.
III. Socialization and social control. Lectures upon principles, laws, and methods, with collateral readings and reports on same by students. Conducted on the seminary plan. Professor Blackmar.
IV. Social statistics. A practical course in social relations and social problems by the use of statistics. Practical study in the statistical determination of society. Conducted on the seminary plan. Professor Blackmar.
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GRADUATE COURSE.
VIII. Criminology and penology. A careful study and comparison of the more scientific authors on crimes and punishments, with investigation of prison reports. The study of criminals and penal institutions by visitation. Professor Blackmar.
IX. American and European charities. Careful study of the conditions and methods of conducting charitable institutions. Library work and reports of same, and study by visitation of institutions. Professor Blackmar.
X. Social theories and social problems. Lectures on the various theories of society and social organizations, with particular reference to their bearings on present problems of society. Professor Blackmar.
SOUTHWEST KANSAS COLLEGE.
SOCIOLOGY.
PROFESSOR GILSON.
1. General sociology. The aim of this course is to acquaint the student with the scientific principles of sociology. It is the basis of all subsequent work in the department. Very particular attention is paid in class-room discussions to the meanings, aims, methods, relations, and limitations of sociology as a science. A term thesis is required. Giddings's Elements of Sociology is used as a text-book.
2. Practical sociology. In this course the practical social problems of American society are studied historically and analytically. These include questions of population, family, poor-relief, labor, education, immigration, etc. A term thesis is required. Collateral reading and research is done by the class. Wright's Practical Sociology is the text-book.
3. During the third term, for the first half, Le Bon's The Crowd is used as a text, and an analytic study is made of the constitution, sentiments, ideas, and leaders of crowds. In the second half the text is Ely's Social Aspects of Christianity. Special attention is paid to class-room discussion on the text and on collateral reading.
WASHBURN COLLEGE.
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY.
PROFESSOR DANIEL MOSES FISK.
I. A brief general outline of the field and of the contributions from such sciences as biology and psychology, with critical attention to those facts of associated human life which give the necessary data for a science of society.
2. An advanced course on the social interpretation of history.
KENTUCKY—
BEREA COLLEGE.
Sociology. Carroll D. Wright's Practical Sociology. Lectures on the advantages and duties connected with society. Essays by students on assigned topics. Spring term, five hours a week, every even year.
CENTRE COLLEGE OF KENTUCKY.
Senior elective in sociology. Third term, following a course in ethics. Second term. Instruction by text-book. Lectures and papers, covering a wide range of subjects, prepared by members of the class. Professor W. H. Johnson.
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LOUISIANA—
TULANE UNIVERSITY.
ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ALDRICH.
GRADUATE COURSES.
3. Principles of sociology.
4. Comparative economic and social condition of workingmen. The labor question in Europe, Australia, and the United States.
5. Race problems. The Indian, the Chinaman, and the negro in the United States.
6. Economic and social history of the United States.
II. Research course. Competent students are encouraged to conduct investigations, under the guidance of the instructor, in such subjects as the economic status of the negro, economic aspects of colonies, etc.
MAINE—
BOWDOIN COLLEGE.
ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY.
PROFESSOR CALLENDER.
2. Development of modern industry, and problems relating to labor and capital. Hobson's Evolution of Modern Capitalism. Lectures and assigned readings.
4. Economic and social history of the United States, from the middle of the eighteenth century to the present time, with particular reference to the history of commerce, manufactures, transportation, and agriculture, the currency and revenue systems, and the more important social and economic problems, such as slavery and immigration.
COLBY COLLEGE.
3. Sociology. The study of practical social problems, with special reference to the defective, dependent, and criminal classes, communism, socialism, immigration, factory system, the tenement, etc. Text-books, assigned readings, lectures, reports, training in research and book-reviewing. Professor Black.
BATES COLLEGE.
ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY.
The methods of instruction are similar to those pursued in the more advanced work in history. Students are trained to scientific habits of thought upon economic, industrial, and social phenomena, and are encouraged to independent thinking.
3. Social science. A study of the principles of sociology, together with living social problems ; the family; immigration; pauperism; charities ; crime ; socialism.
MARYLAND—
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY.
DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, POLITICS, AND ECONOMICS.
Economics. Labor problems. The group of movements having for their object the increase in the economic security of the laboring class. Each of the contingencies was considered in which workingmen are unable to earn wages, as disability, accident, premature invalidity, old age, and inability to secure work, and the efforts now being made in Europe and the United States for providing for them through insurance or otherwise. A few lectures were also given on the organization and practical work of statistical bureaus in various countries. Mr. W. F. Willoughby, of the United States Department of Labor.
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Dr. J. R. Brackett, chairman of Board of Charity and Correction, Baltimore, conducted a course of ten lectures on "Public Aid, Charity, and Corrections." Attendance about thirty, including several physicians and trained nurses actively interested in philanthropic work, several clergymen, two or three colored, and students from graduate and undergraduate departments. Ten conferences of six students were held ; subjects : English poor-law and charitable law and custom, reports of meetings, and reviews of important books and subjects.
HISTORY.
Associate Professor Vincent lectures to graduate students on the history of Europe. The courses direct attention to the social, economic, and constitutional development of European peoples since the fall of the Roman empire. The subjects follow in consecutive order, the topics for each year forming a complete and independent group. The whole series of courses requires three years for completion and offers opportunity for close study of mediæval and early modern history of the continent and England.
MASSACHUSETTS—
AMHERST COLLEGE.
Ethics and sociology in philosophy.
BOSTON COLLEGE.
ETHICS.
Special ethics. The philosophy of religion; individual rights and duties ; suicide ; dueling ; charity and justice ; freedom of conscience ; right of self-defense ; ownership ; socialism ; society in general ; the family; marriage; emancipation of woman ; parental right; slavery; the state; origin of the state; false views of Hobbes and Rousseau ; constitution of the state ; powers and rights of the state ; church and state ; the school question ; liberty of the press ; international law; intervention; treaties ; concordats ; war.
POLITICAL ECONOMY.
Second term. The distribution of wealth ; real and nominal profits ; rents ; wages ; rich and poor; various proposals by communists, socialists, anarchists, for the division of wealth ; rights of property; various social relations ; needed reforms; revenue and expenditure of government; taxation ; public debts ; wider aspects of economic study; modern illusions.
BOSTON UNIVERSITY.
ECONOMICS, SOCIAL SCIENCE, AND LAW.
PROFESSOR BALDWIN AND DR. FALL.
5. Elements of social science. An introductory course in the principles of sociology and the history of institutions.
6. Socialism and social reform. A descriptive and critical course showing the development of socialistic doctrines, and the rise and progress of the movement in Germany, England, and America. Topical study of present problems of social reform.
See also under "Theological Seminaries."
HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
PHILOSOPHY.
5. The ethics of the social questions. The problems of poor relief, the family, temperance, and various phases of the labor question, in the light of ethical theory.
(265) Lectures, special researches, and prescribed reading. Professor Peabody and Dr. Rand.
20b. Psychological seminary. Problems of comparative and social psychology. Professor Münsterberg.
20e. Sociological, seminary. Subject for the year: The Christian doctrine of the social order. Professor Peabody.
This course is designed for advanced students who have a special interest in the relations of the Christian religion to problems of social duty.
ECONOMICS.
3. Principles of sociology. Theories of social progress. Assistant Professor Carver.
Course 3 begins with a study of the structure and development of society as outlined in the writings of Comte and Spencer. This is followed by an analysis of the factors and forces which have produced modifications of the social structure and secured a greater degree of adaptation between man and his physical and social surroundings. The relations of property, the family, the competitive system, religion, and legal control to social well-being and progress are studied with reference to the problem of social improvement. Spencer's Principles of Sociology, Bagehot's Physics and Politics, Ward's Dynamical Sociology, Giddings's Principles of Sociology, Patten's Theory of Social Forces, and Kidd's Social Evolution are each read in part. Lectures are given at intervals, and students are expected to take part in the discussion of the authors read and the lectures delivered.
9'hf. The labor question in Europe and the United States. Half-course (second half-year). Mr. Willoughby.
Course 9 is chiefly concerned with problems growing out of the relations of labor and capital in the United States and European countries. There is careful study of the methods of industrial remuneration — the wages system, profit-sharing, sliding scales, and collective bargaining; of the various forms of co-operation; of labor organizations; of factory legislation and the legal status of laborers and labor organizations ; of state and private efforts for the prevention and adjustment of industrial disputes; of employer's liability and compulsory compensation acts ; of the insurance of workingmen against accidents, sickness, old age, and invalidity; of provident institutions, such as savings banks, friendly societies, and fraternal benefit orders ; of the problem of the unemployed. While the treatment will necessarily be descriptive to a considerable extent, the emphasis will be laid on the interpretation of the movements considered with a view to determining their causes and consequences, and the merits, defects, and possibilities of existing reform movements. A systematic course of reading will be required, and topics will be assigned for special investigation.
9a2hf. Problems of industrial organization. Half-course (second half-year). Mr. Willoughby.
This course will give a critical study of modern industry, with special reference to the efficiency of production and the relations existing between employers and employees. The actual organization of industrial enterprises will first be considered. Under this head will be treated such subjects as corporations, the factory system, the concentration and integration of industry, and the trust problem in all its phases. Following this, or in connection with it, will be studied the effect of the modern organization of industry, and changes now taking place, upon efficiency of produc-
(266) -tion, stability of employment, and industrial depressions. Careful attention will be given to the relations existing between employers and employees, and the functions of organizations of both classes. Finally will be considered the position of the individual under the present system —his preparation for a trade through apprenticeship, technical education, or otherwise ; his opportunities for advancement ; his economic independence. Conditions in Europe as well as in the United States will be shown. Topics will be assigned for special investigation, and the results of such inquiries will be considered in class.
TUFTS
COLLEGE.
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE-SOCIOLOGY.
PROFESSOR METCALF.
15. Practical sociology. A general course on the nature and methods of social science, comprising a study of the laws of population, the institution of the family, rural and urban communities, pauperism, charities, social treatment of crime, and so on. Lectures, readings, and visits to charitable and correctional institutions in Boston and vicinity.
16. Seminary in economics and sociology.
(See also Tufts Divinity School.)
WILLIAMS COLLEGE.
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.
DR. BASCOM, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BULLOCK, AND DR. MUNRO.
3. Sociology. The aim of this course is to give economics, ethics, and civics their true and immediate bearing on our social life.
4. Municipal government. Statistical studies of city growth; a comparative analysis of the structure of urban and rural populations, together with a discussion of the greater problems of municipal government as these present themselves in the larger centers.
CLARK UNIVERSITY.
INCIDENTAL WORK IN ANTHROPOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND EDUCATION.
PSYCHOLOGY.
A complete course in psychology at Clark University includes the following subjects:
VII. History of psychology and philosophy, including the chief culture institutions, science, medical theories, Christianity, and education generally. Dr. Hall's historical courses and Dr. Sanford's seminary.
III. The psychology of Jesus. This course involves a critical consideration of the lives of Jesus and the other literature concerning his person and teaching from the standpoint of modern psychology, from which these subjects have not yet been treated. President Hall.
ANTHROPOLOGY.
DR. CHAMBERLAIN.
A. General, embracing : (d) Ethnology, including sociology; origin and development of the arts and sciences; mythology; folk-lore; religions. (f) Criminal and pathological anthropology; ethnic morals. (g) Historical and archaeological ; primitive man and primitive culture.
B. Special courses upon anthropological topics most akin to psychology and
(267) pedagogy, embodying the results of the most recent and important studies and investigations ; the physical anthropology of infancy, childhood, youth, manhood, old age ; the anthropological phenomena of growth, arrested development, degeneration ; anthropological aspects of heredity and environment in the individual and in the race; uncivilized races and civilized races ; the evolution problems of humanity; education among primitive peoples; the anthropological history of America; the interpretation of folk-lore ; the psychology of primitive peoples ; the trend of human progress.
The lectures in anthropology will have special bearing upon the courses in psychology and pedagogy in the university, and every effort will be made to utilize the latest results of anthropological investigations.
From time to time the most important current literature will be reviewed and students made acquainted with the best contributions to anthropological science in the various foreign languages. The importance of a thorough acquaintance with the bibliography of their subjects is impressed upon all students, and all possible assistance in this direction is always at their disposal.
EDUCATION.
B. Principles of education. This course treats certain fundamental educational principles and involves also a study of several important chapters in the history of education, with a brief account of a few representative educational systems. Such topics as the following will be included : Educational ideals. The dominant aim at different stages of development. The correlation of educational forces. The family and education. The church and education. State aid and control. The field of scientific study in education. Antithetic educational principles. The history of nature versus convention in education. Rousseau, Pestalozzi as "pedagogical socialist." Modern Social-Pädagogik. Present problems and tendencies. One hour a week; half a year.
Education. Dr. Hall will offer a course almost entirely new. Beginning with a brief review of systems of marriage from a biological standpoint, including age and mode of life so far as they bear on fecundity, the lectures will summarize the laws of embryonic development, birth customs, treatment of early infancy among different races, the first stages of development, growth, regimen, teething, nutrition, walking, the beginnings of speech and its implication, first efforts at drawing, singing, plays and games, social relations, methods of studying the first stages of childhood. The environment, treatment, and education of children during this period will involve a consideration of the kindergarten.
HOLY CROSS COLLEGE.
Special ethics treats, int. al., the following topics: Society in general ; nature and end of domestic society; unity and indissolubility of matrimony; divorce; parental authority; education of the child; civil society, its nature, end, origin ; false theories on the origin of civil society; Hobbes, Rousseau ; scholastic doctrine ; forms of civil government ; citizenship ; freedom of worship ; freedom of the press ; state education.
MICHIGAN—
ALMA COLLEGE—SCHOOL OF
PEDAGOGY.
KINDERGARTEN TRAINING COURSE.
Sociology. Sociology.
ish social life.
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VI. Principles of sociology. An advanced general course. It includes an analysis and classification of social facts; discussion of the principles of social theory and the process of socialization ; a study of social feeling, public opinion, and organized action; an inquiry into the causes of emotional epidemics, panics, mob violence, revolutions ; an explanation of the growth of public opinion on great questions ; an attempt to show from history and current events that public action is governed by definite laws of social chance. Giddings's Principles of Sociology is used as a text.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN.
PHILOSOPHY.
2. Principles of ethical, social, and æsthetic evolution. An introduction to the origin and development of modern literary and political thought, and of modern views of society. Professor Wenley.
4. Ethics of social evolution; a study of ethical types as seen in social and industrial relations. Professor Wenley.
18. Systematic ethics. Practical philosophy. Ethical problems in their relation to the individual and to social life and conduct. Paulsen. Professor Wenley.
1б. Political philosophy. A critical study of society. The principles of political association and evolution ; relations of political and industrial institutions to fundamental ideas of philosophy and religion ; outline of the history of the theories of society; applications to present-day social problems. Lectures, discussions, theses. Professor Lloyd.
SCIENCE AND ART OF TEACHING.
ю . Social phases of education. A consideration of the school as a social factor in its relation to the child, to the home, to the church, to the state; also a discussion of the relation of education to vocation and to crime. Lectures and recitations. Dutton, Social Phases. Professor Whitney.
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY.
5. Problems in political economy. The immigration problem, industrial crisis, free trade and protection, the railway problem, the municipal or trust problem, taxation. Professor Adams.
5a. Social and industrial reforms. Co-operation, profit-sharing, communism, socialism, factory legislation, workingmen's insurance, trades unions, industrial federation. Professor Adams.
14. Seminary in economics. Labor organizations. Webb's history of trade-unionism. Professor Adams.
Mr. Kenyon L. Butterfield has been appointed lecturer on rural sociology.
19. Principles of sociology. Lectures and quiz. Assistant Professor Cooley.
By special permission students may elect this course without the quiz to count as three hours. This course aims at a systematic and comprehensive study of the underlying principles of social science. The general plan followed is to begin with personal relations in their simplest and most direct form ; proceeding thence to the more complex forms of association, to an analysis of the processes of social change, and, finally, to a study of social tendency and the theory of progress. Historical references are freely used, but the main aim is a rational interpretation of existing society, and ample contemporary illustration is given of the principles advanced. While some attention is paid to the differing views of prominent writers, the course, in the main, is
(269) constructive rather than critical. Each student is assigned special reading and required to write an essay upon it.
20. Problems in sociology. Lectures, quiz, and assigned reading. Assistant Professor Cooley.
This course embraces a study of the laws of population, degeneracy, the liquor problem, poor relief (public and private), vagrancy, crime, and penology, the divorce problem and kindred questions, the assimilation of the foreign element in American population, the development of cities, the tenement question, slums, social settlements, and other sociological questions of present interest. The class is supplied with a list of about twenty-five topics, accompanied by references, and each student is required to choose one of these topics and write an essay upon it.
21. Historical development of sociological thought; study of Comte, Spencer, Ward, Giddings, and others. For advanced students. Assistant Professor Cooley.
This course is intended to furnish an opportunity for comparative study and discussion of the writers who have contributed most to the growth of sociology. The class consists chiefly of graduate students and is conducted somewhat as a seminary.
22. Psychological sociology. For advanced students. Assistant Professor Cooley.
This course is similar in character to Course 24 and usually, though not necessarily, succeeds it. The views of Baldwin, Giddings, Tarde, Durkheim, and others are carefully studied, but, as in other courses, it is endeavored to make this study constructive rather than merely critical.
21a. Special work with graduate students. Assistant Professor Cooley.
HILLSDALE COLLEGE.
DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.
Introduction to the study of sociology. Concrete descriptive study of American society will be made, dealing with the population, its groupings, institutions, and ideals. Wright, Principles of Sociology.
KALAMAZOO COLLEGE.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.
τ. Sociology. The organic conception of society. The social elements; land and population. The primary social group ; the family. The life of society; social intelligence, social feeling, social volition. Morality and law. Professor Stetson.
OLIVET COLLEGE.
SOCIAL SCIENCE.
The first semester will give a general introduction to sociology, stating its problems and indicating the methods for their solution. In the latter part of the course special attention will be given to the practical problems of charities and penology.
MINNESOTA—
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA.
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE.
Мr SAMUEL G. SMITH.
SOCIOLOGY.
Course I. Elements of sociology. Course II. Social pathology. Course III. Social theory.
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CARLETON COLLEGE. POLITICAL SCIENCE.
1. Sociology. A study of the character and organization of society, the causes and modes of social activity, and the processes of social development. Lectures from men who are prominent in practical sociological work in Minnesota, text-book, class discussions, and written reports on collateral reading in the library.
HAMLINE UNIVERSITY.
DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND POLITICAL ECONOMY.
"The senior class takes sociology four hours a week during spring term; elective. We take general sociology and practical work by investigation and topics."
MISSOURI—
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI. SOCIOLOGY.
PROFESSOR ELLWOOD. FOR UNDERGRADUATES.
I. Elementary sociology. Lectures on certain fundamental social problems, as, e. g., the origin and evolution of the family, the growth of population, immigration, the race problem, the growth of cities, the nature of society, etc. Study by the class of special subjects for investigation.
2. The social teachings of Jesus. A lecture course open to all students of the university.
3a. Modern philanthropy. Lectures on the social treatment of the dependent and defective classes, management of state institutions, etc. Reports by the class on special subjects of investigation.
3b. Criminal sociology. Lectures on criminal anthropology and on the social treatment of criminals.
4. Advanced sociology. Lectures, discussions, and reports on special investigations by the class.
PRIMARILY FOR GRADUATES.
5a. Ethnology. A study of the evolution and relations of the different races of mankind.
5b. Race psychology. A study of the comparative psychology of races as shown in their customs, institutions, and social organization.
бa. Psychological sociology. A critical study of the writings of Tarde, Le Bon, and Baldwin, with some attempt to make use of psychological principles in the interpretation of social phenomena.
7b. History of social philosophy. Lectures on the development of social thought from Aristotle to the present, especially since the time of Comte. Assigned reading.
8. Sociology of religion. A study of religious phenomena from the sociological standpoint.
9. Seminar. Special training in the sociological investigation and research.
CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY.
"We have not opened a department of sociology, but have had a course of general lectures on the subject given two hours a week for six weeks, attended by about forty students. No examination required."
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MISSOURI VALLEY COLLEGE.
J. W. GALLOWAY.
I. Descriptive sociology.
III. Social development.
WILLIAN JEWELL COLLEGE.
DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.
CHARLES LEE SMITH.
Pauperism and charities. The causes of pauperism and the principles and methods of poor-relief.
NEBRASKA—
CENTRAL WESLEYAN COLLEGE.
ECONOMICS.
Socialism. History and theory of social science. Professor Addicks.
GRAND ISLAND COLLEGE.
Sociology. Small and Vincent.
UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA.
POLITICAL ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY.
PROFESSOR ROSS.
Seminary on colonies and colonization. Round-table work. Synthetic course treating of the special problems of economics, sociology, finance, and government presented by the over-sea colony. Special attention to the tropical colonization and to the colonial problems of the United States.
24. Seminary on cities. Round-table work. The city as to the laws of its location, its structure, its economic basis, and the laws of its growth. The population of the city is compared with that of the country in respect to race, sex, and age composition, birth rate, marriage rate, divorce, longevity, pauperism, education, moral character, political traits.
25. Sociology. Lectures and text ; composition and constitution of the social body ; seeks to distinguish the parts, organs, and force of the society ; presents the historical evolution of the leading social institutions. Complementary to the course in psychology of society.
26. The psychology of society. Lectures and readings. The nature and laws of mob-mind, collective hysteria, " craze," fashion, conventionality, custom and tradition, "standard of comfort," "spirit of the age," etc. Different races compared in point of aptitude for social ascendency. These studies in imitation balanced by studies in non-conformism, invention, innovation, leadership, the influence of great men. Illustrations mainly from contemporary American life.
27. Charities. Economic and social aspects of poor-relief. Visits to charitable institutions. Mr. Prevey.
28. Criminology. A study of the criminal class and of the systems and methods of reformation and punishment.
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY.
PROFESSOR HILL.
Social psychology and race psychology. Readings from Baldwin, Tarde, and others.
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NEBRASKA WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY.
ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY.
PROFESSOR CLINK.
Н. Sociology. Elements of sociology and American charities.
NEW HAMPSHIRE—
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY.
PROFESSOR WELLS.
3. Anthropological geography. This considers man in his relation to his physical environment, as determining his dispersion over the face of the globe, his mode of life, and the density of population. It traces the bearings of the natural surroundings upon man's physical and mental characteristics, and follows this fundamental and necessary adjustment through the history of the family and the state, and in the evolution of the forms of economic life.
4. Social statistics. This course begins with a study of demography, or the social groups given by statistics. It considers the classification of the population in modern society due to physical or social causes. It then inquires into the results of vital statistics, such as the mortality from different diseases, birth and marriage rates under varying climatic and social conditions. Finally the above data are brought into connection with crime, pauperism, and social reform. It is a study of the biologic side social life.
5. Constructive sociology. This is an attempt to formulate the laws of social evolution and social organization. It is an analysis of the phenomena that are considered as at once physical and mental, but whose ultimate explanation must be in terms of social psychology. The end constantly in view is a true interpretation of social facts, in the concrete terms of science.
History, theory, and technique of statistics.
Studies in American statistics.
FRANK L. TOLMAN.
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.
[To be continued]
